4CL4 Antibody

4C4-mAb: A Diagnostic Tool for Embryonal Carcinoma

The 4C4-mAb is a mouse monoclonal antibody specific to the 4C4 antigen, a keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG) expressed on human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells .

Applications

• Immunohistochemical Diagnosis:
  4C4-mAb specifically labels EC cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and touch smears, distinguishing EC from other germ cell tumors (e.g., seminoma, choriocarcinoma) .

• Biochemical Analysis:
  Recognizes high molecular weight proteoglycans via immunoprecipitation and Western blotting .

Clinical Relevance

The 4C4 antigen is absent in non-EC germ cell tumors and normal tissues, making 4C4-mAb a valuable diagnostic marker for EC .

LOS 4C4 Antibody: Targeting Bacterial Lipooligosaccharide

The LOS 4C4 antibody is a mouse IgG2b monoclonal antibody that binds to lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Neisseria species, including N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae .

Mechanism and Utility

• Bacterial Identification:
  LOS 4C4 detects LOS in bacterial lysates and cell membranes, aiding in serotyping and pathogen detection .

• Structural Insights:
  Epitope mapping reveals specificity to LOS core structures, enabling differentiation between Neisseria serogroups .

Ab-4C4: Investigating Zebrafish Galectin 3 Binding Protein

The Ab-4C4 antibody is a mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody raised against zebrafish Galectin 3 binding protein (Lgals3bp) .

Research Applications

• Developmental Biology:
  Ab-4C4 aids in studying Lgals3bp’s role in zebrafish development, particularly in optic tectum formation .

• Immune Regulation:
  Galectin 3 interactions with Lgals3bp may modulate immune responses, though further studies are needed .

Comparative Analysis of 4C4 Antibodies

Research Challenges and Future Directions

• Specificity Validation:
  While 4C4 antibodies show high target specificity in controlled studies, cross-reactivity with non-target antigens should be rigorously excluded .

• Therapeutic Potential:
  4C4-mAb’s diagnostic utility in EC suggests potential for therapeutic targeting of KSPG in cancer, though no clinical trials have been reported .

• Zebrafish Models:
  Ab-4C4’s use in zebrafish highlights the need for more tools to study conserved immune and developmental pathways .