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Description

Anti-Annexin A2 (AA2) Antibodies

Definition: Autoantibodies targeting annexin A2, a phospholipid-binding protein involved in cellular processes like angiogenesis and fibrinolysis .

Key Research Findings

Parameter	EM RTH Cohort (n=22)	PTLD Cohort (n=22)	Healthy Controls
Baseline (V1)	96.29 units [IQR: 29.73–157.63]	Similar to EM RTH	48.22 units [3.09–97.68]
Post-Treatment (V2)	109.15 units [44.62–225.0]	109.15 units [44.62–225.0]	N/A
6-Month Follow-up (V3)	78.89 units [24.20–127.56]	79.69 units (cross-sectional)	48.22 units

Clinical Relevance:
- Peak levels occur post-antimicrobial therapy in Lyme disease patients (p < 0.01 vs. baseline) .
- No correlation with symptom burden in post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) .
- Found in 15% of acute Lyme cases at erythema migrans stage .

ACE2 Autoantibodies

Definition: Antibodies targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 .

Epidemiological Data (n=434)

Antibody Class	Prevalence	Functional Impact
IgM	18.8%	Non-neutralizing
IgG	10.3%	No spike-ACE2 inhibition
IgA	6.3%	No enzymatic interference

Key Observations:
- Stable IgG/IgA levels over time; IgM shows variability .
- No induction by SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05 infected vs. uninfected) .
- Higher levels correlate with severe COVID-19 but lack neutralizing capacity .

Comparative Analysis

Feature	Anti-AA2 Antibodies	ACE2 Autoantibodies
Target	Annexin A2 protein	ACE2 receptor
Disease Association	Lyme arthritis, PTLD	COVID-19 severity
Functional Role	Phagocytosis modulation	Non-neutralizing
Diagnostic Utility	Limited phenotypic correlation	No prognostic value for infection

Research Gaps and Directions

Mechanistic Studies: Neither antibody class has elucidated pathogenic mechanisms .
Therapeutic Potential: Anti-AA2 antibodies show no clinical utility in PTLD; ACE2 antibodies lack antiviral activity .
Longitudinal Data: Anti-AA2 declines to baseline by 6 months; ACE2 antibodies remain stable post-COVID .

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

AAE2 antibody; AMPBP2 antibody; At2g17650 antibody; T17A5.12Probable acyl-activating enzyme 2 antibody; EC 6.2.1.- antibody; AMP-binding protein 2 antibody; AtAMPBP2 antibody

Target Names

AAE2

Uniprot No.

Q9SEY5

Target Background

Function

This antibody catalyzes the ligation of Coenzyme A (CoA) to isovalerate, producing 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA. It can also utilize butanoate, pentanoate, hexanoate, 3-methylpentanoate, and 4-methylpentanoate as substrates, albeit with reduced efficiency.

Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT2G17650

STRING: 3702.AT2G17650.1

UniGene: At.40116

Protein Families

ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family

Tissue Specificity

Expressed at low levels in leaves, flowers and developing seeds.

Q&A

FAQs for AAE2 Antibody Research
Target audience: Academic researchers in immunology, molecular biology, and protein engineering

ADVANCED RESEARCH QUESTIONS

How can conflicting data on AAE2’s role in inflammatory pathways be resolved?

Step 1: Compare experimental conditions across studies:
- Stimuli (e.g., TNF-α vs. IFN-γ concentrations )
- Tissue sources (epidermal vs. dermal samples )
Step 2: Employ single-cell RNA sequencing to identify AAE2 expression heterogeneity in immune cell subsets .

What strategies improve AAE2 antibody stability in high-throughput screening assays?

Add 0.1% BSA + 0.05% Tween-20 to storage buffer to prevent aggregation .
Use aluminum hydroxide adjuvants during hybridoma development to enhance thermal resilience (50°C for 24h stability testing) .

How do epigenetic modifications affect AAE2 detection in chronic skin inflammation models?

Methodological approach:
- Perform ChIP-seq with anti-AAE2 and histone modification markers (H3K27ac, H3K4me1) .
- Correlate DNA methylation status (via bisulfite sequencing) with antibody binding affinity .
- Validate using organoid models exposed to IL-17/IL-23 cytokines .

DATA CONTRADICTION ANALYSIS

Why might AAE2 show differential binding in psoriasis vs. atopic dermatitis?

Factor	Psoriasis	Atopic Dermatitis
Post-translational modifications	Hyperphosphorylation at Ser203	O-GlcNAcylation at Thr112
Competing ligands	Elevated IL-23 masks epitope	TSLP enhances accessibility

Resolution workflow:

Use hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to map conformational changes .
Test antibody performance in ex vivo skin explants under disease-specific cytokine milieus .

METHODOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Tape-stripping protocols for epidermal AAE2 sampling
Computational docking tools for epitope conservation analysis (e.g., PyMOL, Rosetta )
Standardized reporting frameworks: MISEV guidelines for extracellular vesicle studies involving AAE2

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AAE2 Antibody