ACO1 Antibody

Definition and Biological Context

ACO1 Antibody is a specialized immunological tool targeting aconitase 1 (ACO1), a bifunctional cytosolic protein encoded by the ACO1 gene. ACO1 serves dual roles:

• Enzymatic activity: Catalyzes citrate-to-isocitrate conversion in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via its 4Fe-4S cluster .

• Iron regulation: Binds iron-responsive elements (IREs) in mRNAs to modulate iron uptake, storage, and utilization under low iron conditions .

ACO1 antibodies are pivotal for detecting ACO1 in research applications, including Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) .

Key Features of ACO1

ACO1’s moonlighting capability allows it to regulate cellular iron homeostasis while participating in metabolic pathways . Dysregulation correlates with cancer progression and fibrosis .

Table 2: Key Research Findings

Mechanistic Insights from Antibody-Based Studies

• Iron Homeostasis: ACO1 represses ferritin translation and stabilizes transferrin receptor mRNA under low iron .

• Cancer: Downregulated ACO1 in renal cancer correlates with autophagy-linked ferroptosis and immune evasion .

• Fibrosis: In IPF, ACO1 localizes to proliferating vascular endothelial cells (Ki67+), suggesting a role in de novo angiogenesis .

Validation and Specificity

ACO1 antibodies are validated across platforms:

• Western Blot: Clear 98 kDa bands in human HepG2, HeLa, and murine tissues .

• IHC/IF: Robust staining in vascular endothelial cells (vWF+) in IPF lungs and epithelial cells in bleomycin models .

• Phospho-Specificity: Antibodies like OASG03967 detect Ser138 phosphorylation, critical for studying post-translational regulation .

Challenges and Future Directions

• Model Discrepancies: ACO1 localizes to endothelial cells in human IPF but epithelial cells in murine fibrosis .

• Therapeutic Potential: Targeting ACO1’s dual roles could address iron dysregulation in cancer or fibrotic diseases .