Customize ACX1 Antibody

Description

Introduction to ACOX1 and Its Antibody

ACOX1 (acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, catalyzing the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs . Defects in ACOX1 are linked to pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (Pseudo-NALD), a rare neurodegenerative disorder . Antibodies against ACOX1 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and dysfunction in disease models.

Disease Mechanisms

ACOX1 deficiency: In vitro studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated elevated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), a hallmark of Pseudo-NALD. Niclosamide, identified via drug screening, reduced VLCFA levels by ~40% in patient cells .
Therapeutic insights: Long-term niclosamide administration in a pediatric patient showed a favorable safety profile, highlighting ACOX1’s role as a therapeutic target .

Functional Studies

Subcellular localization: ACOX1 antibodies (e.g., ab184032 ) confirmed enzyme localization to peroxisomes via immunofluorescence.
Protein interactions: Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed ACOX1’s association with metabolic regulators like PPARα .

Clinical and Biochemical Relevance

Biomarker potential: ACOX1 expression correlates with renal fibrosis progression, as shown in murine models .
Diagnostic utility: Immunohistochemistry using HPA028759 detects ACOX1 in human tissue arrays, aiding in disease stratification.

Technical Considerations

Antibody validation: Western blot discrepancies (e.g., observed 50 kDa vs. calculated 74 kDa ) arise from post-translational cleavage.
Storage stability: Glycerol-based buffers (e.g., 10957-1-AP ) enhance antibody longevity at -20°C.

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

ACX1 antibody; At4g16760 antibody; dl4405c antibody; FCAALL.119Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 antibody; AOX 1 antibody; EC 1.3.3.6 antibody; Long-chain acyl-CoA oxidase antibody; AtCX1 antibody

Target Names

ACX1

Uniprot No.

O65202

Target Background

Function

This antibody targets an enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation of both long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. It exhibits the highest activity with C14-CoA. Notably, its activity on long-chain monounsaturated substrates is 40% higher than with the corresponding saturated substrates. This enzyme is considered a significant player in the overall metabolism of root tips. Furthermore, it may be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid.

Gene References Into Functions

Research indicates that acx3acx4 Columbia (Col) and acx1acx3acx4(Col) mutants are viable, and enzyme activity in these mutants is significantly reduced across a range of substrates compared to wild type. PMID: 22048901
X-ray crystallography studies have been conducted on two peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases, ACX1 and ACX4, from Arabidopsis thaliana. PMID: 15159576

Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT4G16760

STRING: 3702.AT4G16760.1

UniGene: At.20864

Protein Families

Acyl-CoA oxidase family

Subcellular Location

Peroxisome.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed mainly in flowers and young seedlings. Lower expression in roots, leaves and bracts.

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Applications : Immunostainings

Sample type: cell

Review: Representative images of ACOX1, FASN, PPARγ, and SCD1 staining. The transcription levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as Acaca, Cd36, Fasn, Fabp4, and Scd1, were dramatically increased in the liver of shAcox1-infected (shACOX1) NCD mouse.

Q&A

Here’s a structured collection of FAQs tailored for researchers working with ACX1 antibodies, incorporating experimental design considerations, methodological insights, and data analysis principles:

Advanced Research Challenges

How to resolve contradictory functional data across models (e.g., plant vs. mammalian systems)?

ACX1 exhibits context-dependent roles:

Plant studies (Arabidopsis): ACX1/5 double mutants show:
- Defense: Loss of insect resistance (JA-dependent) but retained fungal pathogen resistance (JA-independent) .
- Reproduction: Reduced pollen viability .
Mammalian systems: ACX1 regulates peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation.
Methodological recommendation:
- Use tissue-specific knockout models.
- Pair antibody staining with enzymatic activity assays (e.g., palmitoyl-CoA oxidation) .

What computational approaches improve antibody specificity for ACX1 isoforms?

Recent advances combine:

Phage display libraries: Systematic variation of CDR3 regions to enhance binding kinetics .

How to design controls for ACX1 functional studies in CRISPR-edited lines?

Control Type	Purpose	Example
Positive	Confirm antibody recognition	Wild-type lysate + siRNA knockdown
Negative	Rule out off-target binding	ACX1-KO cell line (validate via sequencing)
Orthogonal	Correlate protein level and activity	Couple WB with LC-MS-based lipidomics

Data Interpretation Guidelines

How to validate antibody performance in understudied species (e.g., pig)?

Step 1: Compare epitope sequences across species (e.g., human vs. pig ACX1).
Step 2: Use recombinant protein spike-in assays.
Step 3: Perform peptide blocking experiments (pre-incubate antibody with immunogen) .

What statistical methods are appropriate for quantifying ACX1 expression heterogeneity?

Single-cell RNA-seq: Cluster cells by ACX1 expression quartiles.
Spatial analysis: Combine IF with computational tools (e.g., CellProfiler) to assess subcellular distribution patterns .

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ACX1 Antibody