ACP2 Human
Description
Biological Functions
ACP2 is a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the ACP2 gene, which hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to regulate lysosomal activity . Its roles span:
-
Viral Replication: Facilitates membrane fusion during influenza A and B virus entry into host cells . Knockdown reduces viral protein expression by 90% and impairs multi-cycle growth .
-
Interferon Regulation: Modulates type I interferon (IFN-1) responses by suppressing antiviral effectors like MX2 and IFITM1, enhancing oncolytic virotherapy efficacy .
-
Cancer Prognosis: Overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) correlates with poor survival in stage II patients (p = 0.004) . High ACP2 levels predict chemotherapy sensitivity, improving survival in treated patients .
Table 1: Key Research Studies on ACP2 Human
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications
-
Cancer Biomarker: In stage II CRC, high ACP2 expression identifies patients benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU), with improved survival (HR: 0.479; p = 0.010) .
-
Neurodevelopmental Roles: Murine studies show ACP2 deficiency causes lysosomal storage defects, seizures, and ataxia-like phenotypes .
Comparative Analysis of ACP2 Isoforms
Soluble vs. Membrane-Bound Forms:
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
ACP2 is localized to the lysosomal membrane and is chemically and genetically distinct from red cell acid phosphatase . It plays a crucial role in the lysosomal degradation pathway, where it functions optimally at an acidic pH. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters, releasing phosphate and alcohol .
The ACP2 gene is located on chromosome 11 and has several aliases, including LAP and EC 3.1.3.2 . The gene undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in multiple transcript variants. Additionally, a C-terminally extended isoform is predicted to be produced by the use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism .
ACP2 is essential for normal cellular function. Mice lacking this gene exhibit multiple defects, including bone structure alterations, lysosomal storage defects, and an increased tendency towards seizures . An enzymatically inactive allele of this gene in mice showed severe growth retardation, hair-follicle abnormalities, and an ataxia-like phenotype .
The enzyme’s activity is used as a biochemical marker in various clinical settings. For instance, different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different organs, and their serum levels are used to evaluate the success of surgical treatment for prostate cancer . In the past, acid phosphatase levels were also used to diagnose prostate cancer .
