AFP1 Antibody
Description
Antibody Characteristics and Development
AFP1 antibodies are recombinant or monoclonal immunoglobulins engineered to bind AFP with high specificity. Key features include:
Table 1: AFP1 Antibody Clones and Properties
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Specificity: AFP1 antibodies show no cross-reactivity with albumin or other serum proteins, validated using knockout cell lines (e.g., HepG2 AFP-KO) .
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Epitope Binding: Some antibodies target cyclic peptide domains (e.g., AFPep) to block estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer .
Diagnostic Applications
AFP1 antibodies are critical in diagnosing and monitoring cancers:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC):
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Localizes AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (Fig. S1A ) and embryoid bodies during stem cell differentiation .
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Detects AFP in ascitic fluid and plasma at sensitivities as low as 10 µg/mL .
Flow Cytometry:
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Identifies intracellular AFP in permeabilized HepG2 cells, with signal intensity correlating to tumor progression .
Western Blot (WB):
Therapeutic Potential
AFP1 antibodies are explored for targeted drug delivery and immunotherapy:
Drug Carriers:
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AFP’s hydrophobic pocket binds chemotherapeutics (e.g., doxorubicin), releasing them in acidic tumor microenvironments .
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Conjugation with toxins (e.g., diphtheria toxin) enhances cytotoxicity in AFP-positive tumors .
Immunotherapy:
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AFP-derived helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes (e.g., AFP 1: MKWVESIFLIFLLNFTESRT) stimulate immune responses in HCC patients, improving survival rates in stages II–IV .
Research Findings
Table 2: Key Studies on AFP1 Antibodies
Clinical Relevance and Future Directions
AFP1 antibodies are pivotal in:
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Early Detection: Elevated AFP-L3 levels correlate with HCC recurrence post-resection .
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Therapeutic Monitoring: T-cell responses to AFP epitopes predict immunotherapy efficacy in clinical trials .
Future research aims to refine AFP1 antibody conjugates for reduced off-target effects and improved tumor penetration .
