The AGR2 antibody is a polyclonal or monoclonal immunoglobulin conjugated with biotin, enabling its use in biotin-avidin-based assays. Biotinylation enhances the antibody’s utility in techniques like ELISA, Western blot, and immunoprecipitation, where streptavidin-coated surfaces or probes amplify detection signals .
Target Specificity: The antibody binds to the 175-amino acid AGR2 protein, which is overexpressed in adenocarcinomas, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) .
Biotinylation Method: The conjugation process involves tagging the antibody’s lysine residues with biotin via NHS-ester chemistry, ensuring stable binding without compromising antigen recognition .
The biotin-conjugated AGR2 antibody is integral to sandwich ELISA assays. For example, a study combining the antibody with a peptide-based capture reagent (H10) achieved a detection limit of 20–50 ng/mL for extracellular AGR2 in cancer cell media . This sensitivity enables non-invasive biomarker detection in patient sera .
In Western blot, the antibody detects AGR2’s 17–20 kDa isoforms, distinguishing it from cross-reactive proteins . Biotin conjugation facilitates signal enhancement via streptavidin-HRP complexes .
Monoclonal variants of the antibody are being engineered for neutralizing AGR2’s pro-tumor effects. Affinity-matured clones (e.g., S31R/A53F) exhibit picomolar binding affinity and specificity, reducing tumor growth in PDAC models .
Elevated AGR2 levels correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancers .
A study using a commercial ELISA kit (USCN Life Science) demonstrated AGR2 as a marker of chemotherapy-induced senescence escape in breast cancer cells .
Biotinylated aptamers (e.g., E7) targeting AGR2’s TTIYY motif have identified interaction partners like Reptin, a regulator of helicase activity . This network mapping informs therapeutic strategies to disrupt AGR2-mediated pathways.
BsAb AGR2xPD1 combines AGR2 targeting with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition, enhancing anti-tumor responses while minimizing immune-related adverse events .