Aicda Antibody

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Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Made-to-order (12-14 weeks)
Synonyms
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.38) (Activation-induced cytidine deaminase) (AID) (Cytidine aminohydrolase), Aicda, Aid
Target Names
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. It is involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes. AID deaminates cytosine to uracil during transcription of immunoglobulin variable (V) and switch (S) region DNA, contributing to the generation of antibody diversity and affinity maturation. AID's function is essential for several critical steps in B-cell terminal differentiation, ensuring efficient antibody responses. Additionally, AID may participate in DNA demethylation, suggesting a potential role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. AID plays a role in transcription elongation for mutagenesis in B cells. PMID: 29593215
  2. MMSET promotes AICDA-mediated DNA breaks at the donor switch region during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. PMID: 29158395
  3. Research indicates that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) serves as a driver of epigenetic heterogeneity in B-cell lymphomas, potentially impacting other tumors with aberrant cytidine deaminase expression. PMID: 29335468
  4. Findings suggest that the activation of the Tnf-Aicda axis and co-inhibitory signals to T cells, in conjunction with Th1-type immunity, plays crucial roles in the immune response against Hepatitis B virus infection. PMID: 28063995
  5. The role of phosphorylation on AID serine38 in AID activity at the immunoglobulin switch region and off-target Myc gene has been reported. PMID: 29122947
  6. Class switching correlates with replication origin activation in immunoglobulin genes; R loops contribute to the specification of origins of replication; Origin activation is independent of AID and DNA breaks. PMID: 27974207
  7. The reduced expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been observed. PMID: 28407558
  8. This study demonstrates that enforced expression of Sox2 in splenic B cells significantly inhibits AID expression and IgH class switch recombination. PMID: 28188246
  9. Aid loss in mice leads to an expansion of myeloid cells and reduced erythroid progenitors, resulting in anemia, with dysregulated expression of Cebpa and Gata1, myeloid/erythroid lineage-specific transcription factors. PMID: 28077417
  10. UNG deficiency reduces B cell clonal expansion in the germinal center in mice and blocks the proliferation of tumor B cells expressing AID. PMID: 27697833
  11. Efficient chemoprotection of CDD and MDR1 transduced hematopoietic 32D as well as primary lin(-) cells was proven in the context of Ara-C and anthracycline application. PMID: 26651614
  12. This study indicates that inflammation-induced AID expression promotes skin cancer development independently of UV damage and suggests AID as a potential target for skin cancer therapeutics. PMID: 26974156
  13. The molecular mechanism of Aid interaction with RNA-binding proteins, dimer formation, and its role in DNA-cleavage and recombination has been investigated. PMID: 26929374
  14. DNA methylation dynamics of germinal center B cells are mediated by AID. PMID: 26365193
  15. The study demonstrates the importance of AID in generating an appropriate B1a cell response to pathogenic bacteria. PMID: 26456931
  16. AID-induced mutations are prone to generate double-strand breaks. PMID: 26263206
  17. Unlike the deletion of the AID C terminus, 3 of the substitution mutants reduce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected within the Sm region in splenic B cells undergoing class switch recombination. PMID: 26267846
  18. The study demonstrates that intronic switch RNA acts in trans to target AID to S region DNA. AID binds directly to switch RNA through G-quadruplexes formed by the RNA molecules. PMID: 25957684
  19. The effect of insertion of transcribed intronic S regions in a locus (Igkappa) strongly recruiting AICDA on class switch recombination has been reported. PMID: 26146363
  20. The study finds that AID targets somatic hypermutation (SHM) hotspots within V exon and S region passengers at similar frequencies and that the normal SHM process frequently generates deletions, indicating that SHM and class-switch recombination employ the same mechanism. PMID: 26582132
  21. Splice variants of activation-induced deaminase (AID) do not affect the efficiency of class switch recombination in murine CH12F3 cells. PMID: 25803053
  22. Genetic deficiency in spontaneously autoimmune B6.Nba2 mice impairs production of anti-nuclear antibodies, a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 25634361
  23. AID deficiency inhibits DSA-mediated aortic vasculopathy after aorta transplantation in mice. PMID: 25769064
  24. HSP90 inhibitors indirectly target AID in vivo. PMID: 25912253
  25. Class switch recombination is programmed to occur in a productive deletional orientation and does so via an unprecedented mechanism that involves in cis Igh organizational features in combination with frequent S-region DSBs initiated by AID. PMID: 26308889
  26. An activity-dependent induction of BDNF exon IV mRNA expression was observed, which correlated with reduced DNA methylation within the BDNF P4 promoter. Knockdown of AID disrupted these effects and inhibited BDNF exon IV mRNA expression. PMID: 25041363
  27. These data suggest that Aid does not have crucial functions in DNA demethylation during induced pluripotent stem cell generation. PMID: 24718089
  28. B cell Rab7 mediates induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and class-switching in T-dependent and T-independent antibody responses. PMID: 25740947
  29. Results elucidate the molecular basis of AID cytoplasmic retention, define its functional relevance, and distinguish it from other mechanisms regulating AID. PMID: 25824822
  30. miR-155 controls the outcome of the germinal center reaction by modulating its initiation (Aicda) and termination (Socs1/p53 response). PMID: 25645925
  31. AID target genes are enriched in chromatin modifications associated with active enhancers (such as H3K27Ac) and marks of active transcription (such as H3K36me3) in both fibroblasts and B cells. PMID: 25512519
  32. Chronic lung injury by constitutive expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase leads to focal mucous cell metaplasia and cancer. PMID: 25659078
  33. Our results suggest a stringent and sophisticated control of Aicda by a novel IL-10/miR-155. PMID: 25381386
  34. The study reports that the majority of detectable AID off-target activity in a variety of mouse and human lymphoid or nonlymphoid cell types occurs within focal regions of overlapping sense/antisense transcription within intragenic super enhancers. PMID: 25483776
  35. AID activity and its relationship to chromosome folding and the B cell regulome were studied. The findings indicate that AID-mediated lesions occur predominantly within B cell super-enhancers and regulatory clusters. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the structural and transcriptional features of these domains help explain AID tumorigenic activity in the B cell compartment of mice and humans. PMID: 25483777
  36. AICDA does not appear to be required for tumor development in the two virus-induced tumor mouse models. PMID: 24569264
  37. IkappaB-zeta regulates TLR-mediated CSR by inducing AID. PMID: 25124037
  38. RNA exosome regulation of ncRNA recruits AID to single-strand DNA-forming sites of antisense and divergent transcription in the B-cell genome, thereby creating a link between ncRNA transcription and overall maintenance of B-cell genomic integrity. PMID: 25119026
  39. Results indicate a role for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 (Apex2) in the protection of germinal center (GC) cells from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-independent damage. PMID: 24935922
  40. To have dominant negative (DN) function, AID lacking the C terminus (DeltaAID) must have deaminase activity, suggesting that its ability to induce double-strand breaks is important for the DN function. PMID: 24973444
  41. Activation-induced deaminase-coupled DNA demethylation is not crucial for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. PMID: 24083501
  42. GANP regulates the choice of DNA repair pathway by DNA-PKcs interaction in AID-dependent IgV region diversification. PMID: 24808370
  43. Findings suggest that S regions are preferred targets for AID and, aided by polypyrimidine tract binding protein-2, act as "sinks" to sequester AID activity from other genomic regions. PMID: 24879790
  44. A domain of AID is required to link the DNA damage step with the subsequent repair during CSR as well as for chromosomal translocations, a collateral effect of class switch recombination. PMID: 24591601
  45. Hypoxia within spheres together with loss of Zeb1 repression synergize to cause superinduction of Hif1a, which in turn leads to induction of the DNA demethylase Aid/Aicda, demethylation of the Oct4 promoter/enhancer, and multipotency. PMID: 23554223
  46. Murine Aicda(-/-) GC B cells accumulate as centrocytes and inefficiently generate plasma cells. PMID: 24244021
  47. Fate mapping and AID reporter mice were used to determine if AID expression in the mouse extends beyond lymphocytes. PMID: 23861962
  48. GANP-mediated chromatin modification promotes transcription complex recruitment and positioning at immunoglobulin variable loci to favor AID targeting. PMID: 23652018
  49. Precise regulation of the Aicda promoter appears to depend on a coordinated balance of activities between enhancer and silencer elements. PMID: 23613851
  50. Studies identified a late step of reprogramming associated with methylation status, and implicated a secondary set of pluripotency network components. AID regulates this late step, removing epigenetic memory to stabilize the pluripotent state. PMID: 23803762

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Database Links
Protein Families
Cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in germinal center B-cells (at protein level).

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