AIL1 Antibody
Description
IL1RAP-Targeting Antibodies in Cancer Therapy
IL1RAP is a co-receptor for interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling and is overexpressed on leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .
Key Antibodies and Mechanisms:
Research Findings:
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BOS-371: Demonstrated high affinity (EC₅₀: 337 pM) and potent inhibition of IL-1 signaling (IC₅₀: 600 pM). In xenograft models, it reduced systemic disease burden by >50% and bone marrow engraftment by >70% .
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mAb81.2: In primary AML models, treatment reduced leukemic cell frequency in bone marrow by 60–80% via NK-mediated cytotoxicity .
Clinical Significance:
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IL1RAP is absent on normal hematopoietic stem cells, minimizing off-target effects .
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Phase 1 trials for BOS-371 are underway, highlighting its potential as a first-in-class therapy for refractory myeloid malignancies .
LAIR1-Containing Antibodies in Infectious Disease and Cancer
LAIR1 is an inhibitory immune receptor incorporated into antibodies via exon shuffling, enabling novel antigen recognition .
Comparative Analysis of IL1RAP vs. LAIR1 Antibodies
| Parameter | IL1RAP Antibodies | LAIR1 Antibodies |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Indication | Myeloid malignancies | Infectious diseases, cancer |
| Mechanism | ADCC, signaling blockade | Immune evasion disruption |
| Clinical Progress | Phase 1 trials ongoing | Preclinical validation |
| Key Challenge | Tumor microenvironment resistance | Limited cross-species reactivity |
Future Directions and Challenges
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
Experimental Design Considerations for AIL1 Antibody Use
Q: What factors should I consider when designing experiments using AIL1 antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blotting?
A: When using AIL1 antibodies, consider the following:
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Antibody Specificity: Ensure the antibody is validated for your specific application and target species.
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Sample Preparation: Optimize sample fixation and antigen retrieval methods to enhance epitope accessibility.
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Optimization of Conditions: Start with recommended dilutions (e.g., 1:50 to 1:300 for IHC) and adjust as needed based on staining intensity and background noise.
Data Interpretation and Contradiction Analysis
Q: How do I address inconsistent results when using different AIL1 antibodies in the same experimental setup?
A: Inconsistent results may arise from differences in antibody specificity, affinity, or epitope recognition. Consider:
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Cross-validation: Use multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes on the AIL1 protein.
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Literature Review: Consult published studies using similar antibodies to identify potential pitfalls.
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Experimental Controls: Include positive and negative controls to validate antibody performance.
Advanced Research Questions: Epitope Mapping and Antibody Engineering
Q: What strategies can be employed to enhance the specificity of AIL1 antibodies through epitope mapping or antibody engineering?
A: To enhance specificity:
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Epitope Mapping: Use techniques like peptide arrays or phage display to identify specific epitopes recognized by the antibody.
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Antibody Engineering: Consider engineering antibodies with higher affinity or specificity through mutations in the variable regions.
Methodological Considerations for AIL1 Antibody Validation
Q: How can I validate the specificity of AIL1 antibodies for my research application?
A: Validation involves:
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Western Blot: Confirm the antibody recognizes the correct molecular weight band.
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Immunofluorescence: Verify localization patterns consistent with known AIL1 expression.
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Knockdown/Knockout Controls: Use cells with reduced or eliminated AIL1 expression to assess specificity.
Troubleshooting Common Issues with AIL1 Antibodies
Q: What steps can I take if my AIL1 antibody fails to produce expected staining in IHC?
A: Troubleshoot by:
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Checking Antibody Storage: Ensure proper storage conditions (e.g., -20°C).
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Optimizing Dilution: Adjust the antibody dilution based on manufacturer recommendations.
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Antigen Retrieval: Try different antigen retrieval methods to enhance epitope exposure.
Comparative Analysis of Polyclonal vs. Monoclonal Antibodies for AIL1
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using polyclonal versus monoclonal antibodies for detecting AIL1?
A:
| Antibody Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Polyclonal | High sensitivity, recognizes multiple epitopes | Potential for cross-reactivity, batch variability |
| Monoclonal | High specificity, consistent performance | May not recognize denatured proteins, higher cost |
Advanced Techniques for Enhancing AIL1 Antibody Sensitivity
Q: How can I enhance the sensitivity of AIL1 antibody detection in low-expression samples?
A: Consider:
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Signal Amplification Techniques: Use tyramide signal amplification (TSA) for IHC.
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Antibody Conjugation: Conjugate antibodies with fluorescent or enzymatic tags for enhanced detection.
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Sample Enrichment: Use techniques like immunoprecipitation to concentrate the target protein.
Data Reproducibility and Standardization
Q: What strategies can be implemented to ensure reproducibility and standardization when using AIL1 antibodies across different laboratories?
A: To enhance reproducibility:
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Standardized Protocols: Establish consistent experimental protocols across labs.
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Quality Control: Regularly validate antibody performance using standardized controls.
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Open Communication: Share detailed methodologies and results to facilitate collaboration and verification.
