AO1 Antibody
Description
Anti-A1 Antibodies in Blood Group Systems
Anti-A1 antibodies are naturally occurring or immune-generated immunoglobulins targeting the A1 antigen of the ABO blood group system. These antibodies are clinically significant in transfusion medicine:
HLA-A1-Targeted Antibodies in Autoimmunity
HLA-A1, a human leukocyte antigen serotype, is associated with autoimmune diseases. While no therapeutic antibodies directly target HLA-A1, its linkage to conditions like type 1 diabetes and lymphoma suggests potential therapeutic avenues:
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Pathogenic Role: HLA-A1 is part of the AH8.1 haplotype linked to accelerated HIV progression and autoimmune disorders .
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Therapeutic Gaps: Current research focuses on modulating HLA-A1-associated immune responses via indirect mechanisms (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) rather than direct antibody targeting .
AOC 1001: Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugate
AOC 1001 (MARINA trial) is an investigational therapy combining a transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-targeted antibody with a siRNA oligonucleotide for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1):
Key Clinical Findings (Phase 1/2)
Mechanism of Action
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Antibody Component: Humanized IgG1 targeting TfR1 for muscle-specific delivery .
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Oligonucleotide Payload: siRNA degrading mutant DMPK mRNA, reducing toxic RNA foci .
Anti-Annexin A1 (ANXA1) Antibodies in Oncology
MDX-124, a monoclonal antibody targeting annexin A1, demonstrates preclinical efficacy in disrupting cancer cell cycles:
| Cell Line | G1 Phase Arrest (25 µM MDX-124) | S Phase Reduction |
|---|---|---|
| MDA-MB-231 (Breast) | 68.7% (vs. 35.2% control) | 8.5% (vs. 37.6%) |
| A549 (Lung) | 58.1% (vs. 42.3% control) | 14.2% (vs. 28.9%) |
Anti-Apolipoprotein A1 (AAA1) Autoantibodies in Long COVID
AAA1 IgG levels correlate with persistent respiratory symptoms post-COVID-19:
| Time Post-Infection | AAA1 Seropositivity | Symptom Association (OR) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 month | 93% | N/A |
| 12 months | 15% | OR 4.94 for respiratory symptoms |
Antibody Characterization and Validation Challenges
YCharOS studies highlight critical gaps in antibody specificity:
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- H2O2 produced via AtAO1-driven polyamine putrescine oxidation plays a role in Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signaling leading to early protoxylem differentiation in the root. [AtAO1] PMID: 25883242
Q&A
Given the context of "AO1 Antibody," it seems there might be a misunderstanding or typo in the query. Assuming the focus is on antibodies in general, particularly those used in research like IgG1 antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC), I will provide a collection of FAQs relevant to academic research scenarios.
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To assess the specificity and sensitivity of an antibody, you should:
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Validate Antibody Specificity: Use sequence alignment tools like BLAST to assess homology with other proteins. Perform cross-reactivity tests to ensure the antibody binds only to the target protein .
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Optimize Antibody Concentration: Start with recommended concentrations and adjust based on experimental conditions such as protein expression levels and epitope presentation .
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Use Controls: Include isotype controls to confirm specific binding and rule out non-specific interactions .
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Batch-to-Batch Variability: Check the purification methods (e.g., Protein A/G vs. immunogen affinity) and ensure consistency across batches .
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Experimental Conditions: Verify that experimental conditions, such as temperature and buffer composition, are consistent.
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Statistical Analysis: Use statistical methods to compare results from different batches, accounting for potential variability.
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IgG1 antibodies, such as those against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC), have been shown to play a protective role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases . Their use in research can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. The binding affinity and specificity of these antibodies can be optimized using molecular modeling techniques .
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Species Compatibility: Ensure the secondary antibody is raised against the host species of the primary antibody .
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Detection System: Choose a secondary antibody compatible with your detection system (e.g., fluorescence, HRP) .
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Validation: Verify that the secondary antibody has been validated for the specific application (e.g., immunofluorescence).
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Storage Conditions: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for storage conditions (e.g., temperature, light protection) .
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Aliquoting: Divide antibodies into aliquots to minimize freeze-thaw cycles and prevent concentration changes due to evaporation .
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Handling: Handle antibodies aseptically to prevent contamination.
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Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations can provide detailed insights into the binding properties and stability of antibody-antigen complexes . These techniques help in optimizing antibody design and understanding the mechanisms of interaction at the atomic level.
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Antibodies against specific antigens, such as those in the ABO blood group system, are crucial for transfusion medicine . Additionally, antibodies are used in diagnostics and therapies for various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Their role in modulating the human microbiome also presents potential therapeutic avenues .
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Sequence Alignment: Use tools like BLAST to assess sequence homology between species .
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Cross-Reactivity Tests: Perform experiments to confirm whether the antibody binds to the target protein in different species.
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Optimize Conditions: Adjust experimental conditions to minimize non-specific binding.
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Protein A/G Purification: Suitable for monoclonal antibodies, as it selectively binds to antibodies, making it efficient for purification when only the desired antibody is present .
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Immunogen Affinity Purification: Ideal for polyclonal antibodies, as it ensures only antibodies binding to the specific immunogen are purified, reducing off-target antibodies .
