ARRB1 Antibody
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Description
Overview of ARRB1 Antibody
The ARRB1 Antibody (e.g., Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF7810) is a rabbit polyclonal antibody targeting the 50 kDa β-arrestin-1 protein . It is validated for western blot (WB) applications and reacts with human, mouse, and rat samples, with cross-reactivity predicted in pigs, zebrafish, and other vertebrates . ARRB1 is a cytosolic/nuclear scaffold protein involved in G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, receptor desensitization, and immune modulation .
Biological Significance of ARRB1
ARRB1 regulates GPCR signaling by:
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Scaffolding signaling intermediates like AKT1, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK .
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Modulating immune cell functions, including T-lymphocyte survival and macrophage activity .
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Influencing autophagy and apoptosis under stress conditions (e.g., cerebral ischemia) .
Cancer Biology
ARRB1 exhibits dual roles in tumor progression:
Table 1: ARRB1 Expression in Gallbladder Cancer (GBC)
| Clinical Parameter | High ARRB1 (%) | Low ARRB1 (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor Size >4 cm | 62.5 | 37.5 | 0.015* |
| Lymphatic Metastasis | 66.7 | 33.3 | 0.009* |
| TNM Stage III/IV | 54.3 | 45.7 | 0.052 |
High ARRB1 correlates with aggressive GBC phenotypes, promoting proliferation via TAK1/MAPK signaling . In contrast, ARRB1 suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth by enhancing histone acetylation at the Bcl-2 promoter .
Neuroprotection
ARRB1 deficiency exacerbates neuronal injury during ischemia by impairing autophagy. It interacts with BECN1 and PIK3C3 to facilitate autophagosome formation, reducing apoptosis .
Immune Regulation
ARRB1 enhances CD4+ T-cell survival and modulates TCR-mediated cAMP/PKA signaling, influencing antitumor immunity .
Applications in Biomedical Research
ARRB1 Antibody is utilized to:
Product Specs
Buffer
PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. Store at -20°C, Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Lead Time
Generally, we can ship the products within 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may vary depending on the purchase method or location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery times.
Synonyms
ARB1 antibody; ARR1 antibody; ARRB1 antibody; ARRB1_HUMAN antibody; Arrestin 2 antibody; Arrestin beta 1 antibody; Arrestin beta-1 antibody; Beta-arrestin-1 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
Arrestin beta 1 (ARRB1) plays a crucial role in regulating G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, ARRB1 binds to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor, physically preventing its coupling to the cognate G-protein. This binding necessitates additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. ARRB1 targets numerous receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins), recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent of ARRB1 involvement varies significantly depending on the receptor, agonist, and cell type. Internalized arrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Two distinct modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, such as ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR, and ADRA1B, dissociate from ARRB1 at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, such as AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR, and TACR1, internalize as a complex with ARRB1 and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization necessitates the removal of receptor-bound ARRB1, allowing the receptor to be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasma membrane. ARRB1 is involved in the internalization of P2RY4 and UTP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. It also plays a role in phosphorylation-dependent internalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling. ARRB1 contributes to the degradation of cAMP by recruiting cAMP phosphodiesterases to ligand-activated receptors. ARRB1 functions as a multivalent adapter protein, capable of switching the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmits short-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestin signaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals initiated as the receptor internalizes and transits the intracellular compartment. ARRB1 acts as a signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways, such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). ERK1/2 activated by the ARRB1 scaffold is largely excluded from the nucleus and confined to cytoplasmic locations, such as endocytic vesicles, also known as beta-arrestin signalosomes. ARRB1 recruits c-Src/SRC to ADRB2, resulting in ERK activation. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1, and PTH1R. For some GPCRs, the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). ARRB1 inhibits ERK1/2 signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). It is required for SP-stimulated endocytosis of NK1R and recruits c-Src/SRC to internalized NK1R, resulting in ERK1/2 activation, which is essential for the antiapoptotic effects of SP. ARRB1 is involved in proteinase-activated F2RL1-mediated ERK activity. ARRB1 acts as a signaling scaffold for the AKT1 pathway. It is involved in alpha-thrombin-stimulated AKT1 signaling and IGF1-stimulated AKT1 signaling, leading to increased protection from apoptosis. ARRB1 is involved in activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and in actin bundle formation. It is involved in F2RL1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis. ARRB1 participates in AGTR1-mediated stress fiber formation by acting together with GNAQ to activate RHOA. ARRB1 appears to function as a signaling scaffold involved in regulating MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis. ARRB1 is involved in attenuating NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. ARRB1 may serve as a nuclear messenger for GPCRs. It is involved in OPRD1-stimulated transcriptional regulation by translocating to CDKN1B and FOS promoter regions, recruiting EP300, resulting in acetylation of histone H4. ARRB1 is involved in regulating LEF1 transcriptional activity via interaction with DVL1 and/or DVL2. ARRB1 also plays a role in regulating receptors other than GPCRs. ARRB1 is involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6, preventing TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. ARRB1 binds phosphoinositides and inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6). ARRB1 is involved in IL8-mediated granule release in neutrophils. It is required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced RAC1-LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from the endosomal compartment to the cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. ARRB1 is involved in the internalization of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3. ARRB1 negatively regulates the NOTCH signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH1 by ITCH. ARRB1 participates in the recruitment of the ubiquitin-protein ligase to the receptor.
Gene References Into Functions
- The antitumor effect of miR296 in CRC are at least in part due to the inactivation of the RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway induced by the suppression of ARRB1 expression. PMID: 30365090
- ARRB1 interacting with unphosphorylated ADRB2 fails to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and prolonged interaction of ARRB1 with ADRB2 promoted the sorting of ADRB2 to lysosomes. PMID: 29330504
- ARRB1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in serous ovarian cancer patients. ARRB1 plays a role in the invadopodian function. PMID: 29439204
- Conformation of ADRB2 induced by the phosphorylation resulted in ARRB1 binding. PMID: 29335412
- Bulky Phe substitution of Cys-147 in human arrestin-1 likely causes rod degeneration due to reduced stability of the protein, which induces unfolded protein response in expressing cells PMID: 29305604
- Results indicate a mechanism for ARRB1 in the regulation of the prostate cancer procession through inhibiting FOXO3a. PMID: 29676828
- Studies indicate that the interaction of activated and phosphorylated GPCRs with the multifunctional adaptor proteins beta-arrestins (betaarrs) is crucial for regulation of their signaling and functional outcomes [Review]. PMID: 28651823
- The results show that PTEN controls multicellular assembly through a membrane-associated regulatory protein complex composed of ARRB1, ARHGAP21 and Cdc42. PMID: 28749339
- These results provide clear evidence that CXCR4- or CCR5-ARRB1 complexes induce receptor endocytosis and signaling in the absence of G protein coupling and ligand-induced conformational changes of the receptor. PMID: 28733085
- Our results identify a new molecular mechanism involving miR-326 and Arrb1 as regulators of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma Cancer stem cells . Specifically, low levels of Arrb1 and miR-326 trigger and maintain Hh/Gli signaling and self-renewal PMID: 28716052
- This work demonstrates that the expression of FSHR and LHCGR can be induced in hGL5 cells but that the FSHR-dependent cAMP/PKA pathway is constitutively silenced, possibly to protect cells from FSHR-cAMP-PKA-induced apoptosis. PMID: 27502035
- Arrb1 reduced the chemotherapy-induced Lgr5 stem cell apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. PMID: 27195676
- This study reveals contrasting abilities of IGF-1R to interact with each b-arrestin isoform, depending on the presence of the ligand and demonstrates the antagonism between the two b-arrestin isoforms in controlling IGF-1R expression and function, which could be developed into a practical anti-IGF-1R strategy for cancer therapy. PMID: 28581517
- Lowering the level of cellular FLNA caused an elevation in RalA activity and resulted in selective interference with the normal intracellular trafficking and signaling of D3R through beta-arrestins. PMID: 27188791
- findings suggest that knockdown of beta-arrestin 1 can suppress glioblastoma multiforme cell proliferation, invasion and glycolysis by inhibiting Src signaling PMID: 28442265
- the depleted beta-Arrestin1 reduced the interaction of P300 with Sp1, thus to reduce Sp1 binding to hTERT promoter, downregulate hTERT transcription, decrease telomerase activity, shorten telomere length, and promote Reh cell senescence. PMID: 28425985
- Data show that endothelin A receptor drives invadopodia function by direct interaction of ARRB1 (beta-arr1) with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11 protein (PDZ-RhoGEF). PMID: 26522724
- The small GTPase Ras-related protein 2 (Rap2) was found to bind ArrB1 under resting conditions but dissociated upon formyl-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation. PMID: 27493245
- These results were consistent with those seen for beta2-AR. Thus, both beta-arrs negatively control AM1 receptor internalization, which depends on the C-tail of CLR. PMID: 28427767
- Results indicate a mechanism of ARRB1 in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta)/beta-catenin signaling in prostate cancer, and suggest that assessment of ARRB1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. PMID: 27620488
- The downregulation of beta-arrestins 1/2 in saphenous vein endothelial cells (SVECs) prevented the shear stress-induced rise in levels of phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, Serine 1177). PMID: 28062183
- results suggest that ARRB1 plays an essential role in NK1R-mediated cell proliferation and G2/M transition in glioblastoma cells. Interference with ARRB1-mediated signaling via NK1R may have potential significance for therapeutic strategies targeting glioblastoma. PMID: 28341744
- The ARRB1.STAM1 complex is necessary for promoting autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is necessary for CXCL12-induced chemotaxis and associates with and localizes with ARRB1 and STAM1 in a CXCL12-dependent manner. PMID: 27789711
- distinct ligands can leverage specific sequence elements on microR to regulate receptor endocytic lifetimes and the magnitude of arrestin-mediated signaling. PMID: 28153854
- CRIP1a can compete with beta-arrestins for interaction with C-terminal CB1R domains that could affect agonist-driven, beta-arrestin-mediated internalization of the CB1R. PMID: 27895162
- Low expression of ARRB1 is associated with lung cancer. PMID: 28035404
- In non-small cell lung cancer patients, the loss expression of ARRB1 was frequently observed, and ARRB1 expression was significantly correlated with the smoking index and E-cadherin expression, which all indicated ARRB1's significant clinicopathologic role PMID: 26293896
- beta-arrestins regulate oxidative stress in a Nox4-dependent manner and increase fibrosis in heart failure. PMID: 26449263
- These results indicated that b-arr1 regulated ER stress/PUMA-induced mucosal epithelial apoptosis through suppression of the TNF-a/p65/iNOS signaling pathway activation and that b-arr1 is a potential therapeutic target for Portal hypertensive gastropathy. PMID: 26119788
- The nuclear accumulation of beta-arrestin 1 following TLR2 activation promote H4 acetylation at specific target gene promoters and may thus affect transcription of target genes in BM CD34+ cells. PMID: 26708616
- beta-arrestins functional involvement in myogenesis is presented. PMID: 26211463
- The identified receptor-phospho-selective mechanism for arrestin conformation and the spacing of the multiple phosphate-binding sites in the arrestin enable arrestin to recognize plethora phosphorylation states of numerous GPCRs. PMID: 26347956
- Data suggest that ARRB1 enhances hepatocellular carcinogenesis by inflammation-mediated Akt signaling. PMID: 26077142
- We conclude that ARRB1 had a high expression in lung adenocarcinoma and ARRB1 may be a promising biomarker to identify individuals with poor prognosis for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26097560
- Bradykinin stimulates pro-contractile signalling mechanisms in human myometrial cells and arrestin proteins play key roles in their regulation. PMID: 25766502
- After eight and 12 weeks of treatment with mirtazapine, scores on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD21) were significantly lower in patients with MDD with ARRB1 haplotype 1 than in those without haplotype 1 PMID: 25294870
- analysis of how NK1 receptor Gs versus Gq proteins and beta-arrestin signaling is determined by interactions in the water hydrogen bond network PMID: 26269596
- Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model confirmed that co-expression of nuclear ARRB1 and p65 was an independent prognostic factor for tumor progression (p = 0.008 PMID: 25820700
- Beta-arrestins regulate human cardiac fibroblast transformation in to a myofibroblast phenotype in ventricular remodeling. PMID: 25134464
- The potential role of ET-1/ETAR in promoting NF-kappaB signalling in EOC cells through beta-arr-1 recruitment, was examined. PMID: 24530737
- High ARBB1 expression is associated with metastasis in non-small cell lung cancers. PMID: 25401222
- A new role for Arr2 in the expression and activation of Androgen receptor and its potential relevance as a target for therapeutic intervention and monitoring of disease progression. PMID: 25109335
- Stimulation of multiple non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with nicotine led to enhanced recruitment of ARRB1 and E2F1 on vimentin PMID: 25600647
- IL6 stimulated SOD2 expression that, at least partially, contributed to the low level of ROS that would likely result in a sustained increase in the expression of IGF-1R through abolishment of ARRB1 in docetaxel resistant cells. PMID: 24939178
- our findings reveal the existence of a novel mechanism by which ETAR/ARRB1 signaling is integrated with the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway to sustain chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer, and they offer a solid rationale for clinical evaluation PMID: 25377471
- TSH stimulated translocation of ARRB1 to TSHR. ARRB1 downregulation inhibited TSH-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38alpha, and AKT1. Activatory signals mediated by ARRB1 cause TSH-enhanced osteoblast differentiation in U2OS cells. PMID: 24723693
- the primary function of betaARRs and ECE-1 in SP-dependent inflammatory signaling is to promote resensitization, which allows the sustained NK1R signaling from the plasma membrane that drives inflammation PMID: 24898255
- A novel function of ARRB1 binding to EZH2 to promote chronic myeloid leukemia progression by regulating BCR/ABL-histone H4 acetylation. PMID: 24937675
- Nuclear ARRB1 induces pseudohypoxia and cellular metabolism reprogramming in prostate cancer. PMID: 24837709
- The transient up-regulation of miR-525-3p, and the resultant repression of its direct targets ARRB1, TXN1 and HSPA9, is required for cell survival following irradiation. PMID: 24147004
Database Links
Protein Families
Arrestin family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit. Cell projection, pseudopodium. Cytoplasmic vesicle.
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