Function
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) is responsible for generating ATP from ADP. This process occurs in the presence of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, which is established by the electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases are composed of two structural domains: F(1), containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0), containing the membrane proton channel. These domains are connected by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled to proton translocation through a rotary mechanism involving the central stalk subunits. The F(0) domain contains a homomeric c-ring, likely composed of 10 subunits, which is part of the rotating element of the complex.