C21orf33 Antibody Pair

C21orf33 Protein Overview

C21orf33 (ES1 protein homolog, mitochondrial) is a 25 kDa protein overexpressed in fetal Down syndrome brain tissue . Key features include:

• Cellular Localization: Mitochondrial

• Function: Member of the DJ-1/PfpI family, involved in metabolic pathways

• Clinical Relevance: Potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction studies

Western Blotting

Both antibodies detect a 25 kDa band in human cell lines (e.g., HepG2, HeLa) . The monoclonal antibody (ab181366) shows enhanced specificity for immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence .

Immunohistochemistry

ab181366 demonstrates robust staining in paraffin-embedded human liver and heart tissues at 1:50 dilution, requiring heat-mediated antigen retrieval .

Technical Considerations

• Storage: Both antibodies require storage at -20°C with minimized freeze-thaw cycles .

• Buffer Compatibility: Polyclonal antibodies use PBS with 50% glycerol, while monoclonal variants require optimized buffers for stability .

• Cross-Reactivity: Confirmed specificity for human samples; non-human reactivity remains untested .

Key Research Findings

• C21orf33 antibodies enable mitochondrial protein localization studies in Down syndrome models .

• Framework mutations (e.g., VRC01gl Q39L + comL) improve binding affinity by 4-fold in related antibody systems, suggesting optimization strategies for future C21orf33 assays .

• Multi-application validation (WB + IHC-P) reduces off-target risks in complex samples .

Limitations and Future Directions

• No peer-reviewed studies explicitly using a C21orf33 "antibody pair" were identified.

• Structural stability data (e.g., aggregation propensity under stress) remain undocumented for these antibodies.

• Future work could explore combinatorial use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in low-abundance mitochondrial protein detection.