CYP71B24 Antibody

Introduction to CYP71B24 Antibody

While "CYP71B24 Antibody" is not directly defined in the provided search excerpts, the excerpts offer a foundational understanding of antibodies, their functions, and related research. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses . They consist of two heavy chains and two light chains, with variable regions at the tips of the "Y" that determine their specificity for binding to antigens .

Key Concepts Related to Antibodies

• Antibody Structure: Antibodies have a consistent structural design that allows them to bind to particular antigens. The variable regions at the ends of the heavy and light chains are responsible for antigen specificity .

• Antibody Classes: Antibodies are divided into five main classes: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE, each with distinct functions and structures in the immune response .

• Fc Receptor-Dependent Functions: Antibodies facilitate communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems through Fc receptor-dependent functions, including antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) . These functions enhance antiviral activity .

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)

ADCP is a crucial function where antibodies bind to antigens on target cells, marking them for destruction by phagocytes . This process is essential in antiviral immunity, as shown in studies of HIV-1, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) .

• Role in HIV-1 Immunity: ADCP has been identified as a potentially protective antiviral immune response that can be induced by preventative HIV-1 vaccines . Certain non-neutralizing antibodies have been shown to contribute to reduced risk of HIV-1 infection by mediating ADCP .

• CMV Vaccine Studies: Research indicates that non-neutralizing antibody responses, particularly ADCP, play an important role in antibody responses against CMV . Vaccines eliciting high magnitude gB-specific IgG3 responses have been shown to mediate robust ADCP of CMV-infected cells .

Antibody Characterization and Validation

Recent studies emphasize the importance of thorough antibody characterization to ensure the reliability of research data . A significant portion of publications include data from antibodies that fail to recognize the intended target protein, highlighting the need for better validation practices .

• YCharOS Initiative: The YCharOS group's analysis of commercial antibodies revealed that a substantial percentage of proteins are covered by high-performing antibodies, underscoring the value of industry/researcher partnerships in identifying and validating antibody reagents .

• Importance of Controls: Using knockout (KO) cell lines as controls has been shown to be superior for Western blots and immunofluorescence imaging, aiding in the accurate assessment of antibody specificity .

Genes Linked to Antibody Production

Research has identified genes linked to high production and release of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most common type of antibody in the human body . These findings could lead to new antibody-based treatments and improvements in cell therapy effectiveness .

• Key Genes: Genes involved in energy production and the elimination of abnormal proteins are crucial for high IgG secretion . The presence of CD59 is a strong predictor of high-producing plasma cells .

Antibodies in Immunotherapy

Antibodies are increasingly used in cancer immunotherapy to target specific proteins and enhance the immune response against cancer cells .

• Targeting CD47: The CD47 protein is a target in cancer immunotherapy, and antibodies against CD47 can promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) .

Systems Serology

Systems serology is an integrative approach used to analyze humoral responses elicited in vaccine trials . This method helps in identifying immunological correlates and mechanisms of humoral protection by examining Fc-mediated activities of antibodies .

Table: Reactivity of Commonly Used CD47 Antagonists