CBX4 Antibody, FITC conjugated

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Description

Applications

This antibody is optimized for multiple experimental techniques:

  • Western Blotting (WB): Detects CBX4 at dilutions of 1:300–5000, suitable for analyzing protein expression in lysates.

  • Immunofluorescence (IF):

    • IHC-P (Paraffin): 1:50–200 dilution for imaging in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

    • IHC-F (Frozen): 1:50–200 dilution for cryosectioned samples.

    • ICC (Cell Culture): 1:50–200 dilution for live or fixed cells.

Role in Gene Regulation

CBX4 functions as an E3 SUMO ligase, facilitating SUMO1 conjugation and regulating transcriptional repression via PRC1-mediated histone H2A ubiquitination . Its role in maintaining heterochromatin and silencing developmental genes (e.g., Hox genes) makes it a critical target for studying epigenetic regulation .

Contribution to HIV-1 Latency

Recent studies (2022) demonstrate CBX4’s involvement in HIV-1 latency. CBX4 forms phase-separated nuclear condensates that co-localize with latent proviruses, recruiting SUMO4 and EZH2 (a PRC2 component) to enhance H3K27 methylation and viral silencing . Knockdown experiments in latently infected T-cells and Jurkat models reveal CBX4’s necessity for maintaining latency, with its depletion leading to viral reactivation .

Utility of the FITC-Conjugated Antibody

The FITC-conjugated antibody enables fluorescent visualization of CBX4 in:

  • Imaging PRC1 localization: Tracking CBX4 bodies near viral DNA in latently infected cells .

  • Co-localization studies: Investigating interactions with PML nuclear bodies or other repressive complexes .

  • High-content screening: Quantifying CBX4 expression in response to latency-reversing agents (e.g., JQ-1, SAHA) .

Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your order within 1-3 business days of receiving it. Delivery time may vary depending on the shipping method and location. Please consult your local distributor for specific delivery timeframes.
Synonyms
CBX 4 antibody; CBX4 antibody; Cbx4 chromobox homolog 4 (Drosophila Pc class) antibody; CBX4_HUMAN antibody; Chromobox homolog 4 (Pc class homolog; Drosophila) antibody; Chromobox homolog 4 antibody; Chromobox protein homolog 4 antibody; E3 SUMO protein ligase CBX 4 antibody; E3 SUMO protein ligase CBX4 antibody; E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 antibody; hPc 2 antibody; hPc2 antibody; NBP 16 antibody; NBP16 antibody; NS5ATP1 binding protein 16 antibody; Pc 2 antibody; Pc class 2 homolog antibody; Pc class homolog antibody; Pc class homolog Drosophila antibody; PC2 antibody; Polycomb 2 homolog antibody
Target Names
CBX4
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
CBX4, also known as Chromobox homolog 4, acts as an E3 SUMO-protein ligase, facilitating the attachment of SUMO1 to target proteins. This function is critical for regulating the activity of various proteins involved in important cellular processes. For instance, CBX4 is involved in the sumoylation of HNRNPK, a protein that coactivates the p53/TP53 transcription factor. This sumoylation indirectly regulates p53/TP53 transcriptional activation, ultimately impacting the expression of the p21/CDKN1A gene. Additionally, CBX4 can monosumoylate ZNF131, another protein with regulatory roles.

CBX4 is a component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex. This complex plays a crucial role in maintaining the repressed state of numerous genes, including the Hox genes, throughout development. The PcG PRC1 complex modifies chromatin through remodeling and histone modifications, specifically mediating monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2A 'Lys-119'). This modification alters chromatin structure, making it heritably less likely to be transcribed. Furthermore, CBX4 interacts with histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), another hallmark of repressed chromatin.

CBX4 has been implicated in the lineage differentiation of embryonic germ layers, underscoring its importance in development.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. Studies suggest that CBX4 expression is elevated in breast cancer and correlates with unfavorable overall survival. CBX4 promotes cell growth and migration by suppressing the expression of miR137, a microRNA, which in turn activates the Notch1 signaling pathway. (CBX4 = chromobox homolog 4; miR137 = microRNA 137; Notch1 = neurogenic locus notch homolog protein-1) PMID: 29229426
  2. Research indicates that USP26 interacts with CBX4 and CBX6, both members of the chromobox (CBX) protein family, which are components of the PRC1 complex. PMID: 28839133
  3. Evidence suggests that CBX4, acting as a SUMO E3 ligase, sumoylates a specific subset of CtIP, a protein involved in DNA repair. This sumoylation regulates CtIP's recruitment to DNA breaks and its role in DNA resection. PMID: 28740167
  4. Research provides evidence that CBX4 may function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma by recruiting HDAC3, a histone deacetylase, to the Runx2 promoter. This recruitment inhibits the expression of Runx2, a transcription factor implicated in cancer development. PMID: 27864346
  5. Studies have shown that Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Patients with high Cbx4 expression may benefit from postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment to improve their survival. PMID: 25766328
  6. Research has demonstrated that miR-195 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting CBX4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 25607636
  7. Investigations have explored the role of Cbx4 in the migration and metastasis of a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Results show that Cbx4 overexpression enhances in vitro vessel formation by vascular endothelial cells in a manner dependent on its SUMO interaction motifs. PMID: 24838576
  8. The presence of CBX4-GFP in the same focus had a minimal impact on the recovery kinetics of BMI1 and RING1, two other components of the PRC1 complex. PMID: 24460908
  9. High cytoplasmic expression of CBX4 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23943028
  10. Research findings indicate that Cbx4 plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis by regulating the HIF-1alpha protein, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis. PMID: 24434214
  11. ASXL1, another gene involved in chromatin regulation, associates with the PRC2 complex. Loss of ASXL1 in vivo collaborates with a specific mutation in NRASG12D to promote myeloid leukemogenesis. PMID: 22897849
  12. High expression of Polycomb repressive complex proteins is associated with mesothelioma, a type of cancer affecting the lining of the chest or abdomen. PMID: 22028491
  13. Methylation of Pc2, a core component of the PRC2 complex, controls its interaction with two distinct non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), TUG1 and NEAT2. This methylation results in the exclusive subnuclear localization of methylated and unmethylated Pc2 in Polycomb bodies and interchromatin granules, respectively. PMID: 22078878
  14. CBX4 plays a role in regulating the proliferation and senescence of epidermal stem cells. PMID: 21885019
  15. Data show that PRC2 can integrate information from pre-existing histone modifications to fine-tune its enzymatic activity within specific chromatin contexts. PMID: 21549310
  16. Studies suggest that the sumoylation of alpha-synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease, by hPc2, a human homolog of Pc2, could function as a cytoprotective mechanism by increasing alpha-synuclein aggregate formation within fibroblast cells. PMID: 21256122
  17. The binding of 14-3-3 proteins to CBX4 appears to modulate the interaction between CBX4 and the BMI1/PCGF components of polycomb recessive complex 1, but has no effect on CBX4-RING1/RNF2 interaction. PMID: 21282530
  18. A phage display screen using the N-terminus of JARID1B, a histone demethylase, as bait identified hPc2, a Polycomb group protein, as one of the interacting proteins. PMID: 19336002
  19. Huntingtin, a protein involved in Huntington's disease, is a novel stimulator of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). PMID: 19933700
  20. Pc2 significantly enhances the sumoylation of CtBP, a transcriptional corepressor. This observation suggests that Pc2 functions as a SUMO E3 ligase and that Polycomb Group bodies may act as sumoylation centers. PMID: 12679040
  21. The polycomb group (PcG) protein HPC2, which acts as a transcriptional suppressor, is a potential binding partner for KyoT2, a protein involved in cell cycle regulation. PMID: 15710417
  22. The sumoylation of SIP1, a transcription factor, by Pc2 attenuates the transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule. PMID: 16061479
  23. Pc2 binds to and colocalizes with HIPK2, a homeodomain interacting protein kinase, and acts as a SUMO E3 ligase for this kinase. PMID: 17018294
  24. The Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery may play a role in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease pathogenesis because the regulation of PC2 expression by the ERAD pathway is affected by mutations in PC2. PMID: 18178578
  25. Research shows that DNA methyltransferase 3B enhances the transcriptional repression of FGFR3, a gene involved in fibroblast growth factor signaling, by polycomb protein 2 (Pc2). These findings suggest that DNMT3B acts as a co-repressor of hPc2 in inducing transcriptional repression independently of DNA methylation. PMID: 18567530

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Database Links

HGNC: 1554

OMIM: 603079

KEGG: hsa:8535

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000269397

UniGene: Hs.405046

Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Nucleus speckle.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous.

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