CD36 Antibody
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Product Specs
Buffer
PBS with 0.1% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your order within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery times may vary depending on the shipping method or location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery timeframes.
Synonyms
CD36; GP3B; GP4; Platelet glycoprotein 4; Fatty acid translocase; FAT; Glycoprotein IIIb; GPIIIB; Leukocyte differentiation antigen CD36; PAS IV; PAS-4; Platelet collagen receptor; Platelet glycoprotein IV; GPIV; Thrombospondin receptor; CD antigen CD36
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
CD36 is a multifunctional glycoprotein that serves as a receptor for a wide range of ligands. These ligands can be of proteinaceous origin, including thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen, and amyloid-beta, as well as lipidic in nature, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids, and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. As CD36 is generally multivalent, it can interact with multiple receptors simultaneously. The resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor-ligand complexes. The dependence on coreceptor signaling is highly ligand-specific. Cellular responses to these ligands are implicated in various biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammatory response, fatty acid metabolism, taste perception, and dietary fat processing in the intestine.
CD36 binds long-chain fatty acids and facilitates their transport into cells, thus participating in muscle lipid utilization, adipose energy storage, and gut fat absorption. In the small intestine, CD36 plays a crucial role in the proximal absorption of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol, contributing to optimal chylomicron formation. This process likely involves the activation of the MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. CD36 is involved in oral fat perception and preferences. The detection of long-chain fatty acids in the tongue leads to a rapid and sustained increase in the flux and protein content of pancreatobiliary secretions. In taste receptor cells, CD36 mediates the induction of an increase in intracellular calcium levels by long-chain fatty acids, resulting in the activation of gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. CD36 is a significant factor in both ventromedial hypothalamus neuronal sensing of long-chain fatty acids and the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis.
CD36 serves as a receptor for thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2, mediating their antiangiogenic effects. As a coreceptor for the TLR4:TLR6 heterodimer, CD36 promotes inflammation in monocytes/macrophages. Upon ligand binding, such as oxLDL or amyloid-beta 42, CD36 interacts with the TLR4:TLR6 heterodimer. This complex is internalized and triggers an inflammatory response, leading to NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL9 cytokines via the MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine via the TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion through the priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CD36 acts as a selective and nonredundant sensor of microbial diacylated lipopeptide that signal via the TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer. This cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of TNF via the MYD88 signaling pathway, and subsequently, CD36 is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway.
In the context of microbial infection, CD36 directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes and the internalization of particles independently of TLR signaling.
CD36 binds long-chain fatty acids and facilitates their transport into cells, thus participating in muscle lipid utilization, adipose energy storage, and gut fat absorption. In the small intestine, CD36 plays a crucial role in the proximal absorption of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol, contributing to optimal chylomicron formation. This process likely involves the activation of the MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. CD36 is involved in oral fat perception and preferences. The detection of long-chain fatty acids in the tongue leads to a rapid and sustained increase in the flux and protein content of pancreatobiliary secretions. In taste receptor cells, CD36 mediates the induction of an increase in intracellular calcium levels by long-chain fatty acids, resulting in the activation of gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. CD36 is a significant factor in both ventromedial hypothalamus neuronal sensing of long-chain fatty acids and the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis.
CD36 serves as a receptor for thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2, mediating their antiangiogenic effects. As a coreceptor for the TLR4:TLR6 heterodimer, CD36 promotes inflammation in monocytes/macrophages. Upon ligand binding, such as oxLDL or amyloid-beta 42, CD36 interacts with the TLR4:TLR6 heterodimer. This complex is internalized and triggers an inflammatory response, leading to NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL9 cytokines via the MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine via the TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion through the priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CD36 acts as a selective and nonredundant sensor of microbial diacylated lipopeptide that signal via the TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer. This cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of TNF via the MYD88 signaling pathway, and subsequently, CD36 is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway.
In the context of microbial infection, CD36 directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes and the internalization of particles independently of TLR signaling.
Gene References Into Functions
- Normal and defective embryos lacking SR-B1 exhibit divergent expression profiles PMID: 30290792
- CD36 plays a crucial role in the preabsorptive hormone and bile acid responses that coordinate brain and gut regulation of energy metabolism. PMID: 29546316
- CD36 was identified as one of the most significantly upregulated lipid-related genes in senescent cells. Overexpression of CD36 in proliferating cells resulted in a senescence-like phenotype. This suggests that CD36 overexpression may lead to changes in membrane remodeling and potentially mediate SASP release. PMID: 29974107
- Hepatic stellate cells-derived COMP collaborates with CD36, playing an essential role in MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. COMP might serve as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of aggressive HCC. PMID: 30231922
- Studies indicate that CD36 expression levels are downregulated in lung cancer. High methylation of CD36, corresponding to its low expression in lung cancer, plays a significant role in the progression of lung cancer. PMID: 29969695
- Polymorphisms in the CD36 gene (rs7755 and rs3211956) and ApoE gene (genotype E2/E3, E3/E4, E4/E4, and E2 and E4 alleles) are statistically linked to Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 30235742
- This study suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with different genotypes at the CD36, NOS3, and PPARG loci respond differently to omega-3 supplement intervention in terms of blood lipid profiles. PMID: 29703528
- Gene expressions of YKL-40 and CD36 were significantly higher in T2D patients with hypertension (>5 years) compared to healthy controls (P=0.006). Additionally, a significant increase in serum levels of sCD36, PPAR-gamma, and YKL-40 was observed in T2D patients with hypertension compared to healthy controls. PMID: 29806605
- Genetic association studies in a population of preschool-aged children in Guelph, Ontario: Data suggest that SNPs in CD36 (rs1761667), TAS1R2 (rs35874116), and TAS2R38 (rs713598) are associated with snacking behavior in the studied population. PMID: 29385734
- CD36 is crucial for muscle glucose metabolism and optimal insulin responsiveness. PMID: 29748289
- Significant upregulation of PBMCs CAP1 and CD36 mRNA, along with plasma resistin levels, was observed in both significant and nonsignificant coronary artery disease compared to the control group. This suggests that resistin may exert its effects more strongly on cells with upregulated CAP1 mRNA, contributing to atherosclerosis development. PMID: 28707728
- CD36, also known as FA translocase (FAT), which functions as a transmembrane protein and mediates the uptake of FAs, is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. The anti-proliferation effect caused by the SCD1 inhibitor cannot be reversed by exogenous oleic acid supplementation in CD36 knockdown breast cancer cells. PMID: 28765876
- Results showed that CD36 genotypes were not independently associated with the progression to T2DM. However, the study suggested a positive interaction between CD36 variants and obesity on T2DM susceptibility, potentially through a cardiometabolic disorder. PMID: 29572193
- The rs1194182 polymorphism in the CD36 gene was associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, and genotype GG could be an independent predictor. PMID: 28804718
- Three polymorphisms were found to be associated with increases in intraocular pressure (IOP): rs1049673 (p = 0.006), rs3211931 (p = 0.01), and rs1761667 (p = 0.043) at the time of the third injection only. PMID: 28557591
- CD36 marks adipocyte progenitor cells with pronounced adipogenic potential, most likely by facilitating lipid uptake. PMID: 28470788
- sCD36 levels increased with the level of intrahepatic lipid, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The association with markers of obesity and the association with hepatic CD36 mRNA expression suggest that excess sCD36 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients is derived from hepatocytes. This supports the involvement of CD36 in NAFLD development. An unhealthy CD36 expression in adipose and hepatic tissue may shift the fatty-acid load to the liver. PMID: 27916988
- oxLDL induced MALAT1 transcription, and MALAT1 recruits beta-catenin to binding sites on the CD36 promoter to induce CD36 expression, which enhances lipid uptake in macrophages. PMID: 29258822
- An acetylation-deacetylation signaling step might regulate CD36 functional activity and subsequent lipid accumulation and caspase 3 activation in pancreatic beta cells exposed to glucose-lipid toxicity (GLT) conditions. PMID: 29274335
- The AKT-PPARgamma signaling pathway mediates high glucose (HG)-induced lipid deposition by upregulating CD36 expression in HK-2 cells. Inhibition of the AKT-PPARgamma signaling pathway has potential beneficial effects of reducing lipid deposition in diabetic kidney. PMID: 28497039
- CD36/STAT3 SNPs linked to cardiovascular disease may modulate the effects of different diets on biochemical and inflammatory markers among these subjects. PMID: 27596284
- These data show the potential pleiotropic influence of CD36 SNP rs1984112 on lipoprotein accumulation in a young healthy cohort. PMID: 27460265
- S100A12 binds to CD36 in the low nanomolar range at the CD36 thrombospondin-1 binding site. PMID: 27734162
- Inhibition of Rac1 by NSC23766 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and ROS generation induced by high glucose concentrations in INS-1 and human 1.1b4 beta cells. Inhibition of Rac1-NOX complex activation by NSC23766 significantly reduced CD36 expression in INS-1 and human 1.1b4 beta cell membrane fractions. PMID: 27912197
- Review of the regulation and post-translational modification of CD36 and its role in renal pathophysiology and chronic kidney disease. PMID: 28919632
- The A allele of the rs1761667 single nucleotide polymorphism in CD36 is associated with decreased fat and sugar intake in obese children and adolescents. PMID: 28237985
- This study concluded that miR-758-5p decreases lipid accumulation of foam cells via regulating CD36-mediated cholesterol uptake. PMID: 28965954
- Data show that all six inflammation-related CpG-SNPs genotypes, including IL1B rs16944, IL1R2 rs2071008, PLA2G7 rs9395208, FAM5C rs12732361, CD40 rs1800686, and CD36 rs2065666, were associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), suggesting an important role of inflammation in the risk of CHD. PMID: 27461004
- CD36 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1194182 and rs10499859 reduce the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 28693442
- CD36 and MARCO are associated with the susceptibility of Chinese Han females to carotid atherosclerosis. Menopausal status may affect the association between gene polymorphisms and carotid atherosclerosis in the female Chinese Han population. PMID: 28866086
- This study shows that diet-induced obesity links to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression via LPA/PKD-1-CD36 signaling-mediated microvascular remodeling. PMID: 28186980
- These findings suggest that atherogenic conditions critically regulate platelet CD36 signaling by increasing superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide through a mechanism that promotes activation of MAPK ERK5. PMID: 28336528
- High CD36 expression is associated with acute monocytic leukemia. PMID: 28108519
- Common CD36 SNPs reduce adipose and heart CD36 levels, leading to higher chylomicron remnants and LDL in humans. PMID: 27729386
- These studies provide evidence that CD36 mediates surfactant lipid uptake by human macrophages, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits this function for growth. PMID: 27913648
- A substantial fraction of unligated CD36 exists in nanoclusters, which not only promote TSP-1 binding but are also enriched with the downstream effector Fyn. PMID: 27694211
- Influence of a common genetic variant in CD36 on susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction and its response to sildenafil treatment. PMID: 27144937
- This study supports the notion that CD36, specifically rs1527483, plays a role in oral fat perception but not in influencing obesity in Malaysian subjects. PMID: 27847178
- Lysophosphatidic acid/PKD-1 signaling leads to nuclear accumulation of histone deacetylase 7, where it interacts with forkhead box protein O1 to suppress endothelial CD36 transcription and mediates silencing of the antiangiogenic switch, resulting in proangiogenic and proarteriogenic reprogramming. PMID: 27013613
- Individuals ≥30 years old with abdominal obesity presented lower CD36 levels and lower subexpression of CD36 mRNA compared to individuals <30 years old with abdominal obesity. PMID: 27525284
- Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies demonstrated that CD36 transmembrane domain 1 (TM1) exhibited a switching dimerization with two right-handed packing modes driven by the (12)GXXXGXXXA(20) and (20)AXXG(23) motifs. The mutational effect of G16I and G23I revealed these representative conformations of CD36 TM1. PMID: 28336533
- This study demonstrates that tamoxifen inhibits CD36 expression and cellular oxLDL accumulation by inactivating the PPARgamma signaling pathway. The inhibition of macrophage CD36 expression can be attributed to the anti-atherogenic properties of tamoxifen. PMID: 27358406
- This review focuses on recent advances on the role of these signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the regulation of CD36 and GLUT4. PMID: 27403883
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Rspo2 manipulation led to regulation of the direct binding between PPARgamma and CD36. PMID: 27571704
- A subpopulation of CD44(bright) cells in human oral carcinomas was identified. These cells do not overexpress mesenchymal genes, are slow-cycling, express high levels of the fatty acid receptor CD36 and lipid metabolism genes, and are unique in their ability to initiate metastasis. PMID: 27974793
- The results of this study are similar to those found in a Portuguese population which reported the role of rs1984112_G in increasing reticulocyte level among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Consequently, rs1984112_G of CD36 could be considered a reliable biomarker for predicting patients at high risk for vascular occlusions, allowing for earlier and more effective therapeutic management. PMID: 27869039
- The SNP rs3211892 has previously been associated with heart disease and other conditions. This study is the first to identify a significant association between variations in the CD36 gene and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 28111291
- The results demonstrate that a novel CD36-ERK/MAPK-dependent mechanism is involved in macrophage lipid accumulation by pre-beta high-density lipoprotein (piHDL). This reveals the importance of functional deficiency in HDL and its potential link to atherogenesis. PMID: 27995417
- The findings reveal previously unknown pro-thrombotic activities of oxidized plasma albumin via a CD36-dependent pathway in end-stage kidney disease patients. PMID: 26905525
- No association was found between placental expression and maternal body mass index. PMID: 27016784
Database Links
Involvement In Disease
Platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency (PG4D); Coronary heart disease 7 (CHDS7)
Protein Families
CD36 family
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Membrane raft. Golgi apparatus. Apical cell membrane.
Customer Reviews
,
B.A
By Anonymous
★★★★★
Applications : ELISA
Sample type: Rat liver tissue
Review: Compared with the C-sham and C-LIPUS groups, the protein levels of CD36 and FATP were significantly increased while ATGL was distinctly decreased in liver of the O-sham and O-LIPUS groups.
Q&A
What criteria should guide the selection of CD36 antibody clones for specific experimental applications?
The choice of CD36 antibody clones depends on three factors: (1) target epitope localization, (2) cross-reactivity with species orthologs, and (3) compatibility with downstream applications. For example, clone FA6.152 (IgG1) recognizes an epitope on platelets and erythroid cells but not lymphocytes, making it suitable for hematopoietic differentiation studies . In contrast, clone SMφ (IgM) detects CD36 in lipid-rich environments like macrophages and endothelial cells, ideal for metabolic studies .
Validation Table: Clone-Specific Performance
Methodological Tip: Validate antibody specificity using CD36-knockout cell lines or competitive blocking with recombinant CD36 protein .
How can researchers validate CD36 antibody specificity in flow cytometry?
Three-step validation is recommended:
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Isotype Controls: Compare staining with same-host isotype antibodies to rule out nonspecific binding.
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Competitive Inhibition: Pre-incubate antibodies with excess recombinant CD36 protein (10–50 µg/mL for 1 hour) to verify signal reduction .
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Genetic Knockdown: Use siRNA targeting CD36 (e.g., siRNA CD36#6) to confirm ≥65% reduction in antibody binding .
Example: In HIV-1–infected macrophages, CD36 silencing reduced p24 Gag release by 65% (P ≤ 0.001), correlating with diminished antibody binding in flow cytometry .
What are the most common applications of CD36 antibodies in basic research?
CD36 antibodies are widely used in:
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Immunofluorescence: Localizing CD36 in lipid rafts or virus-containing compartments (VCCs) .
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Western Blotting: Detecting CD36 isoforms (78–88 kDa) in membrane fractions .
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Functional Blocking: Inhibiting fatty acid uptake (IC₅₀: 5–10 µg/mL of FA6.152) .
Critical Consideration: For phagocytosis assays, use Fab fragments to avoid Fc receptor-mediated artifacts .
How can researchers resolve contradictions in CD36 expression data across studies?
Discrepancies often arise from (1) epitope masking by ligands (e.g., thrombospondin) or (2) tissue-specific glycosylation. A 2022 study demonstrated that 42.9% of anti-CD36 sera yielded false negatives in standard MAIPA assays due to antibody competition at residues 155–183 .
Solution: Epitope Mapping
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Use non-overlapping clones (e.g., GZ-70 and GZ-608) binding to residues 30–76 .
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Combine immunohistochemistry (IHC) with glycan cleavage (PNGase F treatment) to expose cryptic epitopes .
What methodological improvements enhance anti-CD36 antibody detection in antigen capture assays?
Traditional MAIPA assays using FA6.152 detect only 42.9% of anti-CD36 antibodies due to competitive inhibition. Switching to clones GZ-70 or GZ-608 increases detection sensitivity to 92.9% by targeting non-immunodominant regions .
Optimized MAIPA Protocol
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Platelet Preparation: Use CD36-negative platelets as negative controls.
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Capture Antibody: 20 µg/mL GZ-70 or GZ-608 (non-competitive with human sera).
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Detection: Fluorescein-conjugated anti-human IgG (1:50 dilution, 30-minute incubation) .
Data: In 14 anti-CD36 sera, optical density values ranged from 0.257 to 2.292 post-optimization .
What mechanisms underlie CD36 antibody-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 release from macrophages?
CD36 antibodies (e.g., FA6.152) cluster nascent HIV-1 virions within VCCs, preventing release. Key findings:
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Kinetics: Antibody exposure reduces p24 Gag release by 80% within 24 hours (P ≤ 0.001) .
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Mechanism: Antibodies induce virion tethering via CD36-Gag interactions, independent of CD36 signaling pathways .
Experimental Design for HIV Studies
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Infection Model: Primary human macrophages infected with HIV-1 JR-FL.
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Antibody Treatment: 10 µg/mL anti-CD36 mAb for 2 hours at 37°C.
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Imaging: Correlative EM confirms virion retention in CD81+/CD9+ compartments .
How can researchers address CD36 antibody cross-reactivity in cross-species studies?
Cross-reactivity challenges arise from 85% sequence homology between human and mouse CD36 .
Strategy:
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Clone Selection: Use antibodies validated for cross-species reactivity (e.g., SMφ) .
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Flow Cytometry: Test HEK293T cells transfected with species-specific CD36 variants .
Data: GZ-70 binds both human and mouse CD36 with comparable affinity (MFI ratio: 1.2 ± 0.3) .
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