CDK1 (Ab-161) Antibody
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Product Specs
Form
Supplied at 1.0mg/mL in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Lead Time
We are able to dispatch the products within 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may vary depending on the purchasing method or location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery timeframes.
Synonyms
Cdc 2 antibody; Cdc2 antibody; CDC28A antibody; CDK 1 antibody; CDK1 antibody; CDK1_HUMAN antibody; CDKN1 antibody; CELL CYCLE CONTROLLER CDC2 antibody; Cell division control protein 2 antibody; Cell division control protein 2 homolog antibody; Cell division cycle 2 G1 to S and G2 to M antibody; Cell division protein kinase 1 antibody; Cell Divsion Cycle 2 Protein antibody; Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 antibody; Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 antibody; DKFZp686L20222 antibody; MGC111195 antibody; p34 Cdk1 antibody; p34 protein kinase antibody; P34CDC2 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
CDK1 plays a crucial role in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. It modulates the centrosome cycle and mitotic onset, promoting G2-M transition and regulating G1 progress and G1-S transition by associating with multiple interphase cyclins. CDK1 is essential in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. It phosphorylates a wide range of substrates, including:
* **PARVA/actopaxin, APC, AMPH, APC, BARD1, Bcl-xL/BCL2L1, BRCA2, CALD1, CASP8, CDC7, CDC20, CDC25A, CDC25C, CC2D1A, CENPA, CSNK2 proteins/CKII, FZR1/CDH1, CDK7, CEBPB, CHAMP1, DMD/dystrophin, EEF1 proteins/EF-1, EZH2, KIF11/EG5, EGFR, FANCG, FOS, GFAP, GOLGA2/GM130, GRASP1, UBE2A/hHR6A, HIST1H1 proteins/histone H1, HMGA1, HIVEP3/KRC, LMNA, LMNB, LMNC, LBR, LATS1, MAP1B, MAP4, MARCKS, MCM2, MCM4, MKLP1, MYB, NEFH, NFIC, NPC/nuclear pore complex, PITPNM1/NIR2, NPM1, NCL, NUCKS1, NPM1/numatrin, ORC1, PRKAR2A, EEF1E1/p18, EIF3F/p47, p53/TP53, NONO/p54NRB, PAPOLA, PLEC/plectin, RB1, TPPP, UL40/R2, RAB4A, RAP1GAP, RCC1, RPS6KB1/S6K1, KHDRBS1/SAM68, ESPL1, SKI, BIRC5/survivin, STIP1, TEX14, beta-tubulins, MAPT/TAU, NEDD1, VIM/vimentin, TK1, FOXO1, RUNX1/AML1, SAMHD1, SIRT2 and RUNX2.**
CDK1-cyclin-B controls pronuclear union in interphase fertilized eggs and is essential for the early stages of embryonic development. During G2 and early mitosis, CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation activates CDK1/cyclin complexes, which phosphorylate various substrates triggering processes such as:
* **Centrosome separation**
* **Golgi dynamics**
* **Nuclear envelope breakdown**
* **Chromosome condensation**
After chromosomes condense and align at the metaphase plate, CDK1 activity is deactivated by WEE1- and PKMYT1-mediated phosphorylation, allowing sister chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation, reformation of the nuclear envelope, and cytokinesis. Inactivation of CDK1 through PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage halts the cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint, facilitating DNA repair. Successful DNA repair reactivates CDK1 via WIP1-dependent signaling, leading to CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation and resumption of cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, promoting FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, resulting in cell death of postmitotic neurons. Phosphorylation of beta-tubulins regulates microtubule dynamics during mitosis, while NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes PLK1-mediated NEDD1 phosphorylation and subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, a critical step for spindle formation. CC2D1A phosphorylation regulates CC2D1A spindle pole localization and association with SCC1/RAD21 and centriole cohesion during mitosis. Phosphorylation of Bcl-xL/BCL2L1 after prolonged G2 arrest due to DNA damage triggers apoptosis. Conversely, CASP8 phosphorylation during mitosis prevents its activation by proteolysis and subsequent apoptosis. This phosphorylation occurs in cancer cell lines, as well as in primary breast tissues and lymphocytes. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. CALD1 phosphorylation promotes Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration. CDK1-cyclin-B complex phosphorylates NCKAP5L and mediates its dissociation from centrosomes during mitosis. It also regulates the amplitude of the cyclic expression of the core clock gene ARNTL/BMAL1 by phosphorylating its transcriptional repressor NR1D1. This phosphorylation is necessary for SCF(FBXW7)-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NR1D1. CDK1 phosphorylates EML3 at 'Thr-881', which is essential for its interaction with HAUS augmin-like complex and TUBG1.
In the context of microbial infection, CDK1 acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hepatocytes, facilitating its cell entry.
Gene References Into Functions
- Our results suggest that MCM7 plays a role in preventing cytokinesis during early mitosis by regulating CDK1 activity and influencing spindle formation. PMID: 28588300
- Our study demonstrated that CDK1 expression is elevated in human breast cancer, promoting cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines. PMID: 30272324
- We report a CDK1-dependent regulation of WRN-DNA2-mediated resection, identifying a novel function for WRN as a DSB repair pathway switch. PMID: 27634057
- Our research indicates that high CDK1 expression is associated with HIV-1 infection. PMID: 29084722
- We found that miR-181a is down-regulated in NSCLC and that it inhibits cell proliferation by regulating CDK1 expression. PMID: 28946554
- Our data demonstrate that Cyclin A/Cdk1 phosphorylation primes MYPT1 for Plk1 binding. This highlights the cross-regulation between Cyclin A/Cdk1-dependent and Plk1-dependent phosphorylation of substrates during mitosis, ensuring accurate correction of kinetochore microtubule attachment errors for mitotic fidelity. PMID: 29154753
- It has been suggested that DLEU1, through interaction with miR-490-3p, may influence the expression of CDK1, CCND1, and SMARCD1 protein, thereby promoting the development and progression of ovarian carcinoma. PMID: 28598010
- Our study suggests that abnormal activation of CDK1 is implicated in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, potentially due to aberrant regulations in the upstream Chk1-CDC25C and P53-P21WAF1 signaling pathway. PMID: 28899430
- We discovered that CDK1-mediated mitotic phosphorylation of PDZ-binding kinase is involved in cytokinesis and inhibits its oncogenic activity. PMID: 28780319
- Our research indicates that DNM2 is a substrate for CDK1-dependent phosphorylation, playing a crucial role in regulating human sperm acrosomal exocytosis. PMID: 29044420
- Our findings suggest that Cdc2 is positively associated with the development of taxol resistance. The Cdc2 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhanced the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin. PMID: 28534969
- Using tissue microarrays of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, we determined the prognostic values of core genes in the network and found that RAD21, CDK1, and HDAC2 expression levels were negatively associated with overall survival for HCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that CDK1 was an independent prognostic factor, which was validated in an independent case cohort. PMID: 28434945
- This study reveals that CDK1 is a prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 27835911
- Our findings demonstrate that cytoplasmic Cdk1 expression is elevated in ovarian cancer and predicts a poor overall survival. PMID: 27385216
- Our study reveals the involvement of consensus Cdk1 phosphorylation sites in Mis18 complex assembly, providing a rationale for the cell cycle-regulated timing of Mis18 assembly and CENP-A deposition. PMID: 28377371
- S130 of p21 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during mitosis, which reduces p21's stability and binding affinity to Cdk1/cyclin B1. PMID: 27384476
- Our findings suggest that mitotic CDK1-directed phosphorylation of delta-4E-BP1 may yield a gain of function, distinct from translation regulation, that may be important in tumorigenesis and mitotic centrosome function. PMID: 27402756
- The authors demonstrate that CDK1 controls Mis18 complex recruitment to centromeres by regulating oligomerization of M18BP1 through the Mis18alpha:Mis18beta scaffold. PMID: 28059702
- These data show that complementary mechanisms, such as mother-daughter centriole proximity and CDK1-CyclinB interaction with centriolar components, ensure that centriole biogenesis occurs once and only once per cell cycle, raising parallels to the cell-cycle regulation of DNA replication and centromere formation. PMID: 27112295
- Residual Cdk1/Cdk2 activity after DNA damage promotes cell senescence. PMID: 28345297
- Our research provides evidence that CDK1/2 participate in the regulation of constitutive pre-mRNA splicing by EGF stimulation in MDA-MB-468 cells. PMID: 27109354
- Our study demonstrates that KCTD12 binds to CDC25B and activates CDK1 and Aurora A to facilitate the G2/M transition and promote tumorigenesis. Aurora A phosphorylates KCTD12 at serine 243, triggering a positive feedback loop that potentiates the effects of KCTD12. This highlights the importance of the KCTD12-CDC25B-CDK1-Aurora A axis for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. PMID: 28869606
- FOXM1 may play a central role in the skp2-cdk1 loop driving tumor progression. PMID: 27684411
- TRAP1 is relevant in the control of key cell cycle regulators in tumor cells. TRAP1/TBP7 quality control of CDK1 and MAD2 contributes mechanistically to the regulation of mitotic entry and transit. PMID: 28678347
- Vgll4 is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at Ser(119) and Ser(175) during antimitotic drug-induced mitotic arrest and also in normal mitosis. PMID: 28739871
- Our results suggest that the cyclin-dependent kinase I (CDK1) phosphotyrosine (pTyr15) protein is a potential indicator of the progression of colorectal cancer. PMID: 27383761
- These results suggest that inhibition of CDK-1 in G2 causes unpredicted effects in mitosis, even after CDK-1 inhibition is relieved. PMID: 27281342
- Our data show that when Wee1 alone is inhibited, Chk1 suppresses CDC45 loading, thereby limiting the extent of unscheduled replication initiation and subsequent S-phase DNA damage, despite very high CDK-activity. PMID: 28030798
- CDK1 is a positive regulator of the IFN signaling pathway. The overexpression of CDK1 might contribute to the abnormally amplified type I IFN signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 26663909
- We report the mechanism of Plk1 activation and the potential role of Bora phosphorylation by Cdk1. PMID: 27831827
- The data presented here suggest that the temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways by selective inhibition of CDK2 disrupts coherent signaling modules and may synergize with anti-proliferative drugs, averting toxic side effects from CDK1 inhibition. PMID: 27831832
- Our study significantly increases the known substrate space of Cdk1 and adds to our understanding of how mitotic progression is regulated by Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation pathways. PMID: 27134283
- Periodic phosphorylation of Ku70 by cyclin-cyclin dependent kinases prevents the interaction of Ku with replication origin after initiation events in S-phase. PMID: 27402161
- Inhibition of sumoylation increases the activity of CDK1. PMID: 27520372
- Cdk1-induced desmin phosphorylation is required for efficient separation of desmin-IFs and is generally detected in muscular mitotic cells in vivo. PMID: 27565725
- The level of Cdc6 phosphorylation at serine 54 (S54P) was increased in E7-expressing cells. S54P was associated with an increase in the total amount of Cdc6 and chromatin-bound Cdc6. DNA damage-enhanced upregulation and chromatin binding of Cdc6 appeared to be due to downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) as Cdk1 knockdown increased Cdc6 levels. PMID: 27207654
- The data support a model where Cdc7 (de)phosphorylation is the molecular switch for the activation and inactivation of DNA replication in mitosis, directly connecting Cdc7 and PP1a/Cdk1 to the regulation of once-per-cell cycle DNA replication in mammalian cells. PMID: 27105124
- The Hippo signaling pathway was significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer (pathway level P = 0.02). Gene-based analyses revealed that CDH1 was responsible for the pathway association (P < 0.01), corrected P = 0.02). rs142697907 in PTPN14 was associated with ER-positive breast cancer and rs2456773 in CDK1 with ER-negativity in case-only analysis after gene-level correction. PMID: 27485598
- The colon cancer-associated transcript 1/miR-490-3p/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 regulatory pathway promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28381168
- Our results suggest that alteration of CDK1 expression at both the mRNA and protein level likely occurs during the very early stages of carcinogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 26912061
- Ajuba is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at Ser(119) and Ser(175) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. PMID: 27226586
- These results reveal a crucial and conserved role of phosphorylation of the N terminus of Bora for Plk1 activation and mitotic entry. PMID: 27068477
- Aurora B may prefer Cdk1-phosphorylated Sororin as a substrate. PMID: 26177583
- We discovered a novel mechanism mediated by Smad4 to trigger 5-FU chemosensitivity through cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/CDC2/survivin cascade. PMID: 26647806
- These findings indicate that NSun2-mediated mRNA methylation regulates p27 and CDK1 levels during replicative senescence. PMID: 26687548
- FGFR1 contributes to cell proliferation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells, and FGFR1-mediated cell proliferation may be attributed to the regulation of the cell cycle regulator, CDK1. PMID: 26648125
- We demonstrate that leukemia-associated Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factor can be directly phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1. PMID: 26483157
- These results demonstrate a mechanism...by which CDK1 boosts mitochondrial bioenergetics to meet the increased cellular fuel demand for DNA repair and cell survival under genotoxic stress conditions. PMID: 26670043
- CDK1 plays a comprehensive role in mediating genetic networks implicated in the progression of cervical cancer. PMID: 25786624
- Aurora B and CDK1 temporally regulate the binding affinity of EB2 for microtubules, ensuring kinetochore microtubule dynamics, proper mitotic progression, and genome stability. PMID: 27030108
Database Links
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC2/CDKX subfamily
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Note=Cytoplasmic during the interphase. Colocalizes with SIRT2 on centrosome during prophase and on splindle fibers during metaphase of the mitotic cell cycle. Reversibly translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus when phosphorylated before G2-M transition when associated with cyclin-B1. Accumulates in mitochondria in G2-arrested cells upon DNA-damage.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 2 is found in breast cancer tissues.
Q&A
What are the primary research applications of CDK1 (phospho-T161) antibodies in cell cycle studies?
CDK1 (phospho-T161) antibodies are used to:
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Monitor cell cycle progression: Phosphorylation at Thr161 is required for CDK1 activation during the G2/M transition. Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using this antibody enable phase-specific tracking in synchronized cell populations .
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Validate CDK1 inhibition: Preclinical studies correlate reduced T161 phosphorylation with efficacy of CDK1 inhibitors like RO-3306 .
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Assess DNA damage responses: UV irradiation experiments in HeLa cells show increased phosphorylation, linking DNA damage checkpoints to CDK1 activation .
Table 1: Antibody Performance Across Common Applications
How should researchers validate antibody specificity for phospho-T161 detection?
Use a three-step validation protocol:
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Peptide competition: Pre-incubate antibody with phospho-T161 peptide (10x molar excess) to abolish signal in dot blots .
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Genetic knockout models: Compare wild-type vs. CDK1-knockout cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9.
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Phosphatase treatment: Treat lysates with λ-phosphatase (31°C, 5hr) to eliminate phosphorylation-dependent signals .
Critical Control: Always include secondary antibody-only controls in IHC/IF to rule out nonspecific binding .
How do contradictory reports on CDK1 phosphorylation states impact cancer study designs?
Two key contradictions require resolution:
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Band size variations: Some studies report 28 kDa (unphosphorylated) vs. 34 kDa (phosphorylated) , while others observe intermediate forms. Solution: Use urea-PAGE to improve separation of phosphorylated isoforms.
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Copper-dependent artifacts: Recent work shows copper chelators (tetrathiomolybdate) reduce T161 phosphorylation independent of cell cycle phase . Always report copper concentrations in culture media.
What advanced techniques resolve CDK1 activation dynamics in live cells?
Implement multiplexed biosensors:
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FRET-based CDK1 reporters: Pair with H2B-mCherry to correlate kinase activity with chromatin condensation .
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Microfluidics-coupled imaging: Achieve 5-minute temporal resolution for G2/M transition studies.
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Cryo-EM sample prep: Freeze cells at precise intervals after antibody labeling to capture conformational changes.
Table 2: Copper Chelation Effects on CDK1 Activation (n=3 replicates)
| Condition | % Phospho-T161+ Cells (Flow Cytometry) | Mitotic Index (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Control | 68.2 ± 3.1 | 12.4 ± 1.2 |
| 10μM TTM | 22.7 ± 2.8* | 3.1 ± 0.6* |
| *p<0.01 vs. control (Student’s t-test) |
How does the ATOX1-CCNB1-CDK1 copper transfer pathway affect antibody-based assays?
Key considerations:
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Sample preparation: Include 1mM bathocuproine disulfonate in lysis buffers to prevent artificial copper loading during extraction .
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Cross-reactivity risks: CCNB1-copper complexes may induce epitope masking. Pre-clear lysates with protein A/G beads before immunoprecipitation.
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Therapeutic implications: Copper chelators reduce T161 phosphorylation in xenograft models (IC50=4.7μM) , necessitating dual IHC/LA-ICP-MS for metal mapping.
Optimizing multiplex IHC panels with CDK1 (phospho-T161) antibodies
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Antibody compatibility: Validate with Opal 520 (ex:490nm) due to minimal spectral overlap.
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Spatial analysis: Use Voronoi tessellation to map phosphorylation foci relative to mitotic spindles.
Interpreting contradictory drug response data in CDK1 inhibitor screens
Recent kinase profiling reveals:
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Off-target effects: Dinaciclib inhibits CDK1 (IC50=2nM) but also targets CDK5 (IC50=4nM) .
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Species-specificity: Mouse PDX models show 3.8-fold lower RO-3306 sensitivity vs. human cell lines .
Solution: Employ orthogonal assays:
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CETSA: Measure target engagement via CDK1 thermal stability shifts (ΔTm=4.2°C at 1μM RO-3306) .
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Kinobeads profiling: Use immobilized CDK1 to quantify compound binding kinetics.
Resolving false positives in high-content screening
Apply machine learning-based triage:
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Feature extraction: Nucleus size, phospho-signal texture (Haralick features).
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Validation: Achieved 92% precision in distinguishing true CDK1 signals from artifacts (F1-score=0.89) .
Standardizing phosphorylation quantification across platforms
Adopt the MIAPE-CDK1 guidelines:
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Mass spec calibration: Spike in 15N-labeled T161 phosphopeptide (1:100 ratio).
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Flow cytometry: Use BD FACS Aria III with 488nm laser, 530/30 filter.
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Data normalization: Express as % of vinblastine-arrested positive controls.
Future directions: CRISPR-engineered biosensors
Emerging tools enable:
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