Based on a comprehensive analysis of current research literature and antibody characterization studies, here's a structured FAQ addressing key scientific considerations for antibody research, formatted to meet academic rigor:
Confounder Adjustment:
Multivariate regression modeling including:
Disease severity indices (WHO Ordinal Scale)
Comorbidity status (Charlson Index)
Immunosuppressive therapies
Contradiction Resolution Protocol:

Negative Controls: Pre-pandemic sera
System Controls:
ACE2 blocking antibodies (validation of entry mechanism)
TMPRSS2 protease inhibitors (proteolytic activation check)
| Control Type | Validation Target | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Neutralization | 90% plaque reduction | ≥2 independent replicates |
| Specificity | <10% signal in null-virus wells | CV <15% across plates |
Meta-analysis of 38 studies shows:
| Time Post-Onset | IgM Sensitivity (95% CI) | IgG Sensitivity (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| 1-7 days | 30.1% (21.4-40.7) | 28.4% (19.4-39.7) |
| 15-21 days | 91.4% (87.0-94.4) | 94.7% (91.0-97.0) |