Customize mig-22 Antibody

Description

Definition and Nomenclature of MIG Antibodies

MIG (CXCL9) is a chemokine produced in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment, particularly T cells and natural killer cells. Antibodies targeting MIG are used in research to study its function, neutralization, and diagnostic applications .

The suffix "-mig" in antibody nomenclature refers to multi-immunoglobulins, including bispecific or multispecific monoclonal antibodies, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021 . For example:

MAB392: A monoclonal antibody against human CXCL9/MIG used in ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and neutralization assays .

Table 1: Functional Roles of Anti-MIG Antibodies

Application	Description	Example (Source)
Neutralization	Blocks CXCL9-induced chemotaxis; ND₅₀ values range from 0.5–4 µg/mL .	Mouse Anti-Human CXCL9/MIG (MAB392) .
Immunocytochemistry	Detects MIG in IFN-γ-stimulated THP-1 monocytic cells .	Staining with MAB392 .
Western Blot	Identifies recombinant human CXCL9/MIG under non-reducing conditions .	Recombinant Human CXCL9/MIG (392-MG) .
Flow Cytometry	Measures intracellular MIG in permeabilized cells .	THP-1 cells treated with IFN-γ .

Immune Regulation

MIG expression correlates with protection against malaria in vaccine studies. High baseline MIG mRNA levels inversely correlate with parasite detection time (r = 0.94, P = 0.005) .
Regulatory cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-10) inversely correlate with anti-circumsporozoite IgG antibody responses, suggesting immune modulation .

B Cell Signaling

CD22, a B cell inhibitory receptor, requires Lyn kinase for phosphorylation and recruitment of SHP-1 phosphatase. Dysregulation leads to hyperactive B cells and autoantibodies .
CXCL9/MIG antibodies are used to study chemokine-mediated immune responses, such as T cell migration in lymphoma .

Technical Advances in Antibody Research

MIG-Seq (Metagenomic Immunoglobulin Sequencing): A novel method to profile strain-level IgA binding in the gut microbiome, revealing associations between IgA coating and microbial gene expression (e.g., mucus degradation genes) .

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

mig-22 antibody; pfc-1 antibody; PAR2.4Chondroitin sulfate synthase mig-22 antibody; EC 2.4.1.175 antibody; Abnormal cell migration antibody; Chondroitin-polymerizing factor antibody; ChPF antibody; N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 antibody; EC 2.4.1.226 antibody

Target Names

mig-22

Uniprot No.

P45895

Target Background

Function

MIG-22 antibody possesses both beta-1,3-glucuronic acid and beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase activity. It catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to the non-reducing end of the elongating chondroitin polymer. This activity, in conjunction with SQV-5, is crucial for the biosynthesis of chondroitin, a glycosaminoglycan involved in various developmental processes. Chondroitin plays a role in vulva organogenesis, gonad maturation, and neural development. It may also have a specific role in unc-6/netrin-mediated dorsal guidance of gonadal distal tip cells. Notably, the glycosyltransferase activity of MIG-22 antibody is relatively weak.

Database Links

KEGG: cel:CELE_PAR2.4

STRING: 6239.PAR2.4a.1

UniGene: Cel.7531

Protein Families

Chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family

Subcellular Location

Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in seam cells, the vulval epithelium and in oocytes (at protein level).

Q&A

Here’s a structured FAQ collection for researchers working with "mig-22 Antibody" in academic settings, synthesized from antibody development and validation best practices:

How to validate mig-22 antibody specificity in immunoblotting?

Method: Use knockout (KO) tissue/cell lysates as negative controls and compare band patterns with wild-type samples. Include recombinant mig-22 protein as a positive control.
Critical steps:
- Perform serial dilutions of the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise ratio .
- Use secondary antibody-only controls to rule out nonspecific binding .
- Validate with orthogonal methods (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9 KO followed by mass spectrometry) .

What experimental controls are essential for mig-22 immunohistochemistry (IHC)?

Control Type	Purpose	Example
No primary antibody	Detects secondary antibody artifacts	Omit mig-22 antibody, retain secondary
Antigen preabsorption	Confirms target specificity	Preincubate antibody with excess mig-22 peptide
KO tissue	Validates absence of off-target binding	Use mig-22 KO mouse kidney sections
Adapted from validation guidelines in .

How to select mig-22 antibodies for flow cytometry?

Prioritize antibodies with:
- Published citations in peer-reviewed studies (check CiteAb ).
- Epitope mapping data (e.g., linear vs. conformational).
- Validation in functional assays (e.g., mig-22-dependent cell adhesion blocking) .

How to resolve contradictory mig-22 localization data across studies?

Troubleshooting framework:
- Compare fixation methods (e.g., paraformaldehyde vs. methanol alters epitope accessibility) .
- Validate antibody clonality: Monoclonals (clone 3G9-like) reduce batch variability vs. polyclonals .
- Use in situ hybridization to correlate mRNA and protein localization patterns .

Strategies for humanizing mig-22 monoclonal antibodies

Stepwise approach:
- Retain murine CDRs while grafting onto human framework regions (e.g., IgG1κ) .
- Use in silico modeling (e.g., RosettaAntibody) to predict destabilizing framework residues .
- Validate binding affinity via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) post-humanization .

Optimizing mig-22 antibody protocols for low-abundance targets

Parameter	Adjustment	Rationale
Signal amplification	Tyramide-based systems (e.g., TSA)	Enhances sensitivity 10–100x
Antigen retrieval	pH 9.0 EDTA buffer, 95°C, 40 min	Unmasks cryptic epitopes
Imaging	Confocal microscopy with Airyscan	Reduces background in dense tissues
Based on IHC optimization in .

How to address mig-22 antibody lot-to-lot variability?

Solutions:
- Request hybridoma cell lines from vendors for in-house production .
- Perform cross-lot validation using standardized positive/negative controls .
- Deposit validation data in public repositories (e.g., AntibodyRegistry) .

Best practices for mig-22 antibody data reporting

Minimum requirements:
- RRID identifier (e.g., AB_2928392) .
- Dilution, buffer composition, and incubation times.
- Raw, uncropped blot images with molecular weight markers .

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mig-22 Antibody