CSY2 Antibody
Description
Definition and Target Profile
CSF2 Antibodies are immunoglobulins designed to detect or modulate CSF2 (GM-CSF), a cytokine critical for immune cell differentiation and inflammatory responses. CSF2 regulates granulocyte and macrophage development, and its dysregulation is implicated in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and severe viral infections like COVID-19 .
Table 1: CSF2 Antibody CAB6127 (Assay Genie)
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Host Species | Rabbit |
| Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications | WB (1:500–1:2000), IF/ICC (1:50–1:200), ELISA |
| Immunogen | Synthetic peptide (amino acids 1–100: ARSP SPST QPWE HVNA I) |
| Observed MW | 16 kDa |
| Key Synonyms | GMCSF, CSF |
Table 2: CSF2 Antibody ABIN654647 (Antibodies-Online)
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Host Species | Rabbit |
| Reactivity | Human |
| Applications | WB, FACS, IF, IHC |
| Target Epitope | AA 59–85 (central region) |
| Purification | Protein A + peptide affinity |
Role in COVID-19:
-
Elevated CSF2 levels correlate with severe respiratory distress in SARS-CoV-2 infections .
-
CSF2 antibodies are used to study cytokine storms and immune dysregulation in COVID-19 models .
Autoimmunity and Cancer:
-
CSF2 antibodies inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways in autoimmune diseases .
-
Therapeutic trials (e.g., CS1002/CS1003 combinations) leverage CSF2 pathway modulation for cancer immunotherapy .
Clinical and Preclinical Applications
-
Diagnostic Use: Detects CSF2 in serum/plasma to monitor inflammatory conditions .
-
Therapeutic Development: Neutralizing CSF2 antibodies are in trials for autoimmune disorders and cancer .
-
Mechanistic Studies: Used to dissect CSF2’s role in alveolar proteinosis (via murine knockout models) .
Limitations and Challenges
-
Cross-Reactivity: Some CSF2 antibodies show unintended binding to mitochondrial antigens (e.g., M2), complicating interpretations .
-
Dose Sensitivity: High-dose regimens (≥1 mg/kg) are required for therapeutic efficacy in cancer trials .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Target Background
KEGG: ath:AT3G58750
STRING: 3702.AT3G58750.1
Q&A
FAQs for CSY2 Antibody in Academic Research
Advanced Research Questions
How do biochemical assays resolve contradictions in CSY2 interaction studies?
Discrepancies in CSY2 binding partners (e.g., crRNA vs. Acr proteins) are addressed via:
-
Analytical SEC: Demonstrates CSY1-CSY2 heterodimer binding to AcrF2 but not individual subunits .
-
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC): Quantifies binding affinity (e.g., Kd = 15 nM for AcrF2-CSY1-CSY2 interaction) .
-
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs): Confirms crRNA 5′-handle binding requires heterodimerization .
Key Finding:
CSY2 alone cannot bind crRNA or AcrF2, necessitating heterodimer studies .
What structural insights guide CSY2 antibody development for functional inhibition?
High-resolution structural data informs epitope targeting:
-
Cryo-EM of Csy complex: Identifies exposed CSY2 regions for antibody binding .
-
X-ray crystallography: Resolves AcrF2-CSY1-CSY2 interface (e.g., conserved Lys residues in CSY1 critical for AcrF2 binding) .
Epitope Mapping Strategy:
-
Generate CSY2 truncation mutants.
-
Test antibody binding via SPR/ELISA.
-
Cross-reference with conserved regions in structural models.
How can high-throughput sequencing improve CSY2 antibody discovery?
LIBRA-seq integrates antigen-specific B cell sorting with NGS to:
-
Predict neutralization potential via computational docking (e.g., blocking AcrF2-CSY2 interactions) .
Workflow Example:
-
Immunize mice with recombinant CSY1-CSY2 complex.
-
Sort antigen-binding B cells and sequence heavy/light chains .
What statistical methods address variability in CSY2 antibody performance across assays?
LASSO regression identifies minimal predictive features (e.g., IgG titers, FcγR binding) to classify antibody efficacy . Example Model Output:
| Feature | Coefficient | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Day 60 IgG1 titer | 0.72 | High |
| FcγRIIAH-binding | 0.65 | Moderate |
| IgA1 AUC | 0.58 | Moderate |
Validation: Cross-check with McNemar’s test to correlate WB/IF/IP results .
Key Considerations for Experimental Design
-
Antigen purity: Use SEC-purified CSY1-CSY2 heterodimers to avoid off-target binding .
-
Longitudinal sampling: Track antibody avidity changes post-boost (e.g., adjuvants alter Fc-mediated effector functions) .
-
Cross-species validation: Test antibodies against CSY2 homologs (e.g., Xanthomonas citri) to assess broad reactivity .
