Customize CLPD Antibody

Description

Definition and Diagnostic Context

CLPD antibodies refer to fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies used to detect cell surface markers on malignant B-cells in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. These disorders include chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), marginal zone lymphoma, and plasma cell dyscrasias . The antibodies target cluster of differentiation (CD) markers to distinguish malignant clones from normal lymphocytes .

Standardized Antibody Panels for B-CLPD

The BD OneFlow™ B-CLPD T1 panel is an 8-color flow cytometry kit containing antibodies critical for immunophenotyping:

Target Marker	Fluorochrome	Clone	Clinical Utility
CD23	FITC	EBVCS-5	Distinguishes CLL from mantle cell lymphoma
CD10	PE	HI10a	Identifies follicular lymphoma
CD79b	PerCP-Cy5.5	SN8	Differentiates CLL (typically dim)
CD200	APC	MRC OX-104	Supports CLL diagnosis (high expression)
CD43	APC-H7	1G10	Marks aggressive subtypes
CD20	V450	L27	Backbone marker for B-cell identification
CD45	V500-C	2D1	Leukocyte common antigen

Source: BD Biosciences and EuroFlow Consortium

This panel enables simultaneous analysis of 12 markers, improving diagnostic accuracy by identifying phenotypic aberrations like CD5+/CD23+ in CLL .

Clinical Applications in Diagnosis

CLL Identification: Co-expression of CD5, CD23, and CD200 with dim CD20/CD79b is pathognomonic .
Disease Stratification: CD38 and CD49d predict Richter transformation in CLL .
Plasma Cell Disorders: CD19-/CD56+ profiles indicate monoclonal gammopathies .

Flow cytometry using CLPD antibodies achieves >95% specificity in distinguishing indolent vs aggressive subtypes .

Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications

Immune Defect Correlation:
- Combined immune defect (29% of B-CLPD patients) associates with 3.69x higher severe infection risk (p=0.001) and 3.21x faster cancer progression vs antibody deficiency alone .
- Hypogammaglobulinemia occurs in 71% of cases, requiring immunoglobulin replacement .
Targeted Therapies:
- Anti-CD20 (rituximab) and anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab) deplete malignant B-cells .
- Anti-TNFα antibodies (e.g., infliximab) mitigate inflammatory complications .

Research Findings on Immune Dysregulation

A 2022 cohort study of 83 B-CLPD patients revealed:

Key Immune Deficits:
- 29% had combined B-cell, T-cell, NK-cell, or complement defects .
- CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia (<100 cells/µL) correlated with mortality (HR=3.67, p=0.014) .
Outcomes:
- COVID-19 severity was 5.3x higher in combined defect patients (p=0.004) .

Standardization and Technological Advances

The EuroFlow Consortium developed harmonized protocols to reduce inter-laboratory variability . Key innovations include:

Lymphoid Screening Tube (LST): 12-marker panel for initial CLPD screening .
8-Color Multiplexing: Enables analysis of rare populations (e.g., <0.01% clonal cells) .

Limitations and Future Directions

Antibody Cross-Reactivity: Non-specific binding in 5–10% of cases requires confirmatory molecular testing .
Emerging Targets: CD307 (IRTA1) and CD180 are under investigation for marginal zone lymphoma .

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

CLPD antibody; ERD1 antibody; SAG15 antibody; At5g51070 antibody; K3K7.27Chaperone protein ClpD antibody; chloroplastic antibody; EC 3.6.1.3 antibody; ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit ClpD homolog antibody; Casein lytic proteinase D antibody; ERD1 protein antibody; Protein EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 1 antibody; Protein SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED GENE 15 antibody

Target Names

CLPD

Uniprot No.

P42762

Target Background

Function

CLPD is a molecular chaperone that interacts with a ClpP-like protease. This interaction plays a crucial role in the degradation of denatured proteins within the chloroplast. The ATPase activity of CLPD is enhanced by CLPT1. Notably, CLPD exhibits no ADPase activity. Furthermore, it interacts with transit peptides, displaying a positional preference. The presence of the signal sequence at the N-terminal end of a protein appears to be essential for this interaction to occur.

Gene References Into Functions

ClpC2 and ClpD interact with proteins possessing a transit peptide situated at the N-terminus. PMID: 22545953
Co-overexpression of the ZFHD1 and NAC genes restored the morphological phenotype of the transgenic plants to a near wild-type state and enhanced expression of ERD1 in both Arabidopsis T87 protoplasts and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PMID: 17233795

Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT5G51070

STRING: 3702.AT5G51070.1

UniGene: At.25346

Protein Families

ClpA/ClpB family, ClpD subfamily

Subcellular Location

Plastid, chloroplast stroma.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in stems and leaves.

Q&A

FAQs for CLPD Antibody Research

Advanced Research Questions

How can manufacturability challenges (e.g., low expression, aggregation) be resolved during CLPD antibody humanization?
- Poor expression (<5 mg/L) and aggregation (>8%) often stem from suboptimal framework regions. A case study demonstrated a 30-fold titer increase by humanizing onto favorable VH/VL germlines .
- Optimization workflow:
  1. Screen frameworks using stability predictors (e.g., TANGO, AGGRESCAN).
  2. Test 15–25 humanized variants for monomer content (HPLC-SEC) and titer (protein A chromatography) .
  - Table 1: Manufacturability outcomes for humanized variants vs. chimeric antibodies
    
    Parameter Chimeric Antibody Optimized Humanized Variant
    Expression (mg/L) 2.5 75.0
    Monomer Content (%) 92% 99.5%
    Aggregation (%) 8% 0.5%
What strategies address data contradictions in CLPD antibody binding kinetics across studies?
- Discrepancies often arise from glycosylation differences or FR residue mismatches. For example, glycosylation at Asn-297 (Fc region) alters ADCC by >50% in IgG1 antibodies .
- Resolution protocol:
  - Standardize glycosylation profiles using CHO-K1 vs. HEK293 expression systems.
  - Perform alanine scanning mutagenesis on conflicting FR residues (e.g., positions 71–78) .
  - Validate via cryo-EM to confirm epitope-paratope alignment .
How are bispecific CLPD antibodies engineered to balance avidity and toxicity in T-cell recruitment?
- 2:1 bispecific formats (two CLPD-binding arms, one CD3e-binding arm) reduce systemic toxicity by moderating CD3e engagement .
- Design steps:
  - Use knob-into-hole mutations for heavy chain heterodimerization.
  - Test avidity via Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) with antigen-coated biosensors.
  - Assess toxicity in PBMC co-cultures (measure IL-6/IFN-γ release) .

Parameter	Chimeric Antibody	Optimized Humanized Variant
Expression (mg/L)	2.5	75.0
Monomer Content (%)	92%	99.5%
Aggregation (%)	8%	0.5%

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CLPD Antibody