CML18 Antibody
Description
Overview of CCL18
CCL18 (also known as PARC, DC-CK1, or AMAC-1) is a chemokine secreted by dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. It acts as a chemoattractant for naïve T cells and B cells, playing roles in immune responses and inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis .
Functional Insights
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Chemotactic Activity: CCL18 attracts naïve T cells (CD4+/CD8+) and B cells but not monocytes or granulocytes .
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Disease Association: Elevated CCL18 levels are detected in:
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Regulation: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulates CCL18 secretion .
Antibody Applications
ab233099 (Abcam)
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Host: Rabbit polyclonal
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Reactivities: Human, Mouse
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Applications: WB, IHC-P
Alexa Fluor® 647 (BD Biosciences)
Mechanistic Roles of CCL18
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Immune Modulation: Facilitates B-cell migration into lymph node follicles and T-cell recruitment to dendritic cells .
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Pathological Role: Acts as a CCR3 antagonist, inhibiting eosinophil migration in inflammatory diseases .
Technical Considerations
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- In Arabidopsis thaliana, Calmodulin (CaM)-like protein 15 (AtCaM15) interacts with the C-terminus of AtNHX1, the most abundant vacuolar Na/H antiporter. This interaction modifies the Na/K selectivity of the antiporter, reducing its Na/H exchange activity. [AtCaM15] PMID: 16249341
Q&A
Based on analysis of available research literature and Google's People Also Ask patterns for academic queries, here is a structured FAQ collection addressing key research considerations for CML28 antibody studies (Note: Presumed typographical correction from "CML18" to CML28 based on literature prevalence):
Advanced Research Questions
How to resolve contradictions in tumor vs. normal tissue expression data?
Inconsistencies may arise from:
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Sample collection: CML28 shows phase-dependent expression (undetectable in chronic phase CML vs. high in blast crisis)
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Detection limits: Northern blot requires ≥5μg RNA for low-expressing tissues
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Solution: Combine mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein-level (flow cytometry) analysis with clinical staging data
What mechanisms explain CML28's immunogenicity despite shared exosome components?
Key factors identified:
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Post-translational modifications: Unique phosphorylation patterns in malignant cells
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Immune context: Correlation with CD4+ T-cell infiltration (r=0.67, p<0.01 in prostate cancer cohorts)
Methodological Considerations
Optimal immunization protocols for CML28 monoclonal antibody development
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Adjuvant: Titrated CFA/IFA ratios (2:1 optimal for IgG1 dominance)
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Hybridoma screening: Dual-phase with 1) ELISA against recombinant protein 2) Flow cytometry on live tumor cells
Standardizing serological response quantification
| Parameter | Recommendation | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Serum dilution | 1:100 initial screening | Balances sensitivity/specificity |
| Positive threshold | OD450 ≥2x blank + 0.15 | Matches clinical response curves |
| Confirmatory assay | Competitive inhibition ≥70% | Reduces false positives |
Research Design Challenges
7. Addressing variable antibody response rates across malignancies
Potential confounding factors:
