CNX1 Antibody

Introduction

CNX1 antibodies are specialized immunological tools targeting CNX1 proteins, which exist in distinct biological contexts across species. This article synthesizes research on two primary CNX1-related antibodies: one targeting Arabidopsis thaliana CNX1/2 (involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis) and another focusing on the chaperone CNX-1/Calnexin in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals (critical for ion channel biogenesis). Data from peer-reviewed studies and commercial sources are analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview.

Plant CNX1 in Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis

In Arabidopsis thaliana, CNX1 is a 60.5 kDa protein encoded by the AT5G61790 gene. It plays a critical role in molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis, a process essential for enzymatic activity in nitrate assimilation and phytohormone synthesis . CNX1 comprises two domains:

• G Domain: Binds and activates molybdopterin (MPT).

• E Domain: Facilitates molybdenum insertion into MPT .

CNX-1 as a Chaperone in C. elegans and Calnexin in Mammals

CNX-1 in C. elegans is homologous to mammalian Calnexin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone. It ensures proper folding and assembly of ERG-type potassium channels (e.g., UNC-103 in C. elegans and hERG in humans) . Key functions include:

• Tetrameric Assembly: Promotes subunit assembly of ERG channels .

• Quality Control: Retains misfolded proteins in the ER for degradation .

Anti-CNX1/2 Antibody (Agrisera) for Arabidopsis Studies

The Agrisera AS12 2365 antibody is a polyclonal rabbit antibody targeting Arabidopsis CNX1/2.

This antibody is critical for studying Moco-deficient mutants and stress responses in plants .

Antibodies Targeting CNX-1/Calnexin in Chaperone Research

Antibodies against CNX-1/Calnexin are used to investigate ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ion channel regulation. Key findings include:

• ERG Channel Regulation: CNX-1 knockdown in C. elegans reduces UNC-103 K⁺ current density by 60–70% .

• hERG Interaction: Mammalian Calnexin binds hERG channels, influencing their trafficking and function .

Role in Ion Channel Biogenesis

• Genetic Studies: C. elegans mutants (cnx-1(yfh0017–yfh0020)) show defective UNC-103 channel activity, leading to behavioral abnormalities .

• Human Relevance: Calnexin deletion in SH-SY5Y cells reduces hERG expression by 50%, linking CNX-1 to cardiac and neuronal channelopathies .

Implications in Molybdenum Cofactor Synthesis

• Enzymatic Defects: A. thaliana CNX1 mutants exhibit impaired nitrate reductase activity, highlighting its role in nitrogen metabolism .

Table 1: C. elegans Strains with cnx-1 Mutations

Table 2: Functional Comparison of CNX1 Antibodies