CRK21 Antibody
Description
Role in Plant Immune Responses
CRK21 is transcriptionally upregulated during immune challenges, such as bacterial flagellin exposure. Functional studies reveal:
-
Redundancy: Silencing multiple CRKs (including CRK21) enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, indicating overlapping roles in defense .
-
Cell Death Induction: Overexpression of related CRKs (e.g., CRK28) triggers BAK1-dependent cell death, a hallmark of plant immune responses .
-
Association with Immune Complexes: CRKs interact with the FLS2 receptor complex and BAK1 co-receptor to amplify immune signaling .
Key Experimental Data
A study on CRK28 (a close homolog) provides insights applicable to CRK21:
These findings suggest CRK21 likely shares similar mechanisms in immune potentiation.
Comparative Analysis with Human CRK Proteins
While CRK21 is plant-specific, human CRK family proteins (e.g., CrkII, CrkL) regulate immune cell functions. Contrasting roles:
Limitations and Future Directions
-
Antibody Specificity: Current CRK21 antibodies may cross-react with other CRKs due to structural homology.
-
Functional Data Gap: Direct evidence of CRK21’s role in Arabidopsis immunity remains sparse compared to CRK28/29.
-
Engineering Potential: Structure-function insights from human CRK studies could guide CRK21 antibody optimization for plant research .
Product Specs
**Constituents:** 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
CRK21 Antibody Research FAQs
Advanced Research Questions
How can experimental design address contradictory data on TRIM21’s role in viral neutralization vs. immune activation?
Contradiction Resolution:
-
Use dual-reporter systems (e.g., luciferase for viral load + GFP for NF-κB activation) in parallel .
-
Compare time-course data: Neutralization precedes signaling (peaking at 6h vs. 24h post-infection) .
What strategies optimize antibody engineering for TRIM21 affinity without compromising effector functions?
-
Framework mutagenesis: Replace outlier residues (e.g., VH3-23 germline variants) with stability-enhancing mutations (e.g., L234F, S239D) to improve conformational stability while retaining CDR specificity .
-
Avidity tuning: Engineer bivalent TRIM21-binding Fc variants (e.g., Xtend mutations) to enhance cooperative binding without steric hindrance .
-
Developability screens: Assess aggregation propensity (SEC-HPLC) and thermal stability (DSF) early in design .
How do researchers validate TRIM21’s cross-talk with other Fc receptors in complex biological systems?
Data Contradiction Analysis
Conflict: Some studies report TRIM21-mediated degradation of viral particles , while others emphasize immune signaling .
Resolution Framework:
-
Contextual factors: Cell type (epithelial vs. immune), pathogen load, and antibody subclass (IgG1 vs. IgG3).
-
Threshold effects: Low antibody concentrations favor degradation; high concentrations saturate proteasomes, shifting balance to signaling .
-
Temporal analysis: Degradation dominates early (0–4h), signaling peaks later (8–24h) .
