CRY1 Antibody

This antibody targets Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), a photoreceptor protein crucial for mediating various blue light responses in plants. CRY1's functions encompass inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, photoperiodic control of flowering, and regulation of diverse light-dependent processes. These include circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomatal opening, guard cell development, root development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and even magnetoreception.

Upon photoexcitation by blue light, CRY1 undergoes a conformational change and interacts with signaling partners to modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, thereby controlling associated metabolic and developmental pathways. CRY1's blue light absorption involves a flavin photoreduction process facilitated by an electron transport chain or alternative pathways utilizing metabolites like NADPH, NADH, and ATP. The activated signaling state exhibits a half-life of approximately 5 minutes. CRY1 also plays a role in sensing blue/green light ratios, enabling adaptation to varying light conditions (e.g., shade). In darkness, flavin reoxidation returns CRY1 to its inactive state.

CRY1 directly interacts with bHLH transcription factors (PIF4 and PIF5) under low blue light (LBL) conditions, stimulating their activity and influencing gene expression to adjust physiological responses such as hypocotyl elongation and hyponastic growth. High-intensity blue light activates CRY1's capacity for converting molecular oxygen to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, potentially leading to cell death. CRY1 is essential for blue light-triggered and singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death (PCD).

CRY1 is involved in inducing the expression of photoprotective genes under extreme light conditions, mediating blue light-induced gene expression and hypocotyl elongation via modulation of transcription factor degradation and anion channel activation. It plays a critical role in hypocotyl hook formation, stomatal opening, and the regulation of various growth parameters, possibly through auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. CRY1 further influences lateral root growth and shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), working in conjunction with phototropins to regulate phototropism, and affecting shoot regeneration in vitro. It modulates anthocyanin and chlorophyll accumulation in a PHY-dependent manner, contributes extensively to blue light deetiolation responses, and exhibits characteristics suggestive of a role in magnetoreception. CRY1 also participates in strigolactone signaling, temperature-dependent growth regulation, and disease resistance mechanisms, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR).

The following studies provide further insights into CRY1 function:

1. FIN219 and CRY1 negatively regulate each other via direct interaction in response to jasmonate under blue light. PMID: 29561841
2. A CRY-BIC negative-feedback circuitry regulates the activity of CRY1 and BIC. PMID: 28833729
3. The cry1 mutation L407F displays hyperactivity, potentially due to structural alterations near the ATP-binding site, rather than altered FADH occupancy. PMID: 28634231
4. Nitrogen signaling modulates CRY1 protein abundance and influences circadian clock regulation of flowering. PMID: 27325772
5. 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (3B7N) specifically interrupts cryptochrome function in seedling development. PMID: 28011868
6. Cellular metabolites significantly influence cryptochrome signaling. PMID: 26313597
7. CRY1 inhibits hypocotyl elongation via CNT1-mediated repression of auxin/BR/GA-responsive gene expression. PMID: 25721730
8. CRY1 activation leads to reactive oxygen species formation and induces cell death. PMID: 25728686
9. ATP binding and aspartate protonation enhance photoinduced electron transfer in CRY1. PMID: 25157750
10. Photoreduction-deficient Trp-triad mutations in CRY1 retain physiological and biochemical activity. PMID: 26106155
11. The in vivo half-lives of the signaling states of cry1 and cry2 are estimated to be around 5 and 16 minutes respectively. PMID: 23398192
12. PhyA, cry1, and phyB activate ROC1, modulating brassinosteroid signaling during deetiolation. PMID: 22463079
13. The kinetics and quantum yields of photo-induced flavin-tryptophan radical pairs in cryptochrome are magnetically sensitive. PMID: 22421133
14. A conserved glycine substitution in the PHR domain of CRY1 confers a constitutive light response. PMID: 21765176
15. CRY1 is required for blue light shade-avoidance responses, through mechanisms distinct from phyB inactivation. PMID: 21457375
16. Photoexcitation induces a significant conformational change in AtCRY1. PMID: 21875594
17. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest the L407F mutation reduces structural flexibility in CRY1. PMID: 20926618
18. CRY1 restrains lateral root growth by inhibiting auxin transport. PMID: 20133010
19. cry1 mutants show reduced mRNA expression changes in response to blue and red light. PMID: 20031923
20. A light-induced conformational change in the carboxy-terminal domain of Arabidopsis Cry1 supports proposed conformational rearrangements in response to light. PMID: 15751956
21. Light-induced flavin reduction via the tryptophan chain is a primary step in CRY1 signaling. PMID: 15774475
22. Blue light modifies CNT1 dimer properties, influencing CCT1 activation and CRY1 signaling. PMID: 15805487
23. Primary root elongation in blue light may involve CRY1-auxin signaling pathway interactions. PMID: 16703358
24. Cryptochrome-1 activation triggers blue-light-specific apoptosis, independent of chloroplast reactions. PMID: 17075038
25. Flavin photoreduction-mediated CRY1 activation is a reversible process. PMID: 17237227
26. Different subcellular pools of CRY1 exhibit distinct functions. PMID: 18003924
27. New cry1 alleles were identified from a screen for Arabidopsis thaliana genomes uncoupled mutants. PMID: 18065688
28. Cryptochromes positively affect phototropic curvature under long-term irradiation, particularly in phot1-deficient backgrounds. PMID: 18183416
29. Genetic analysis indicates independent action of CRYPTOCHROME1 and 5PTase13. PMID: 18252844
30. CRY1 stabilizes BIT1 in a blue light-dependent manner. PMID: 18397371
31. HFR1, regulated by cry1, is crucial for early blue light signaling. PMID: 18974779
32. CRY1-dependent plastid signals regulate cotyledon expansion and development. PMID: 19140931

KEGG: ath:AT4G08920

STRING: 3702.AT4G08920.1

UniGene: At.27730