Customize ctr-9 Antibody

Description

Introduction to CTR9 Antibody

CTR9 antibodies are immunoreagents designed to detect and analyze the CTR9 protein, which regulates transcription elongation, histone modifications, and chromatin dynamics. These antibodies enable researchers to investigate CTR9's involvement in development, cancer, and stem cell differentiation .

Antibody Characteristics

CTR9 antibodies are available from multiple vendors, with variations in host species, reactivity, and applications:

Product	Host/Isotype	Reactivity	Applications	Target Region
Proteintech 20672	Rabbit/IgG	Human, Mouse	WB, IHC, ELISA	C-terminal domain
CST #12619	Rabbit/IgG	Human, Mouse, Rat	WB, IP	N-terminal residues
Abcam ab84487	Rabbit/IgG	Human, Mouse	IHC-P	C-terminal (aa 1100–C-terminus)

Key features:

Detects endogenous CTR9 (~130–150 kDa) .
Validated in cancer models (e.g., breast carcinoma, glioma) .

Breast Cancer

CTR9 stabilizes ERα protein and enhances estrogen signaling in ERα+ luminal breast cancer .
High CTR9 expression correlates with poor prognosis and tamoxifen resistance .
Genome-wide ChIP-seq studies show CTR9 depletion reduces ERα and RNAPII chromatin occupancy by >60% .

Glioma

CTR9 overexpression activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, promoting proliferation and invasion .
Knockdown reduces glioma cell migration by 45–50% and viability by 25–50% .

Epigenetic Regulation

CTR9 antagonizes PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 deposition:
- Loss of CTR9 increases H3K27me3 levels by 2–3 fold, altering chromatin states .
- Modulates PRC2 subtype equilibrium (PRC2.1 vs. PRC2.2) to regulate gene repression .

Stem Cell Differentiation

CTR9 drives osteochondral lineage differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) via BMP-2 signaling .
Depletion disrupts cytoskeletal organization and reduces bone formation capacity by 70% .

Protocol Optimization

IHC-P: Antigen retrieval with TE buffer (pH 9.0) or citrate buffer (pH 6.0) improves signal .
Western Blot: Use high-resolution gels (e.g., 8–12%) to resolve CTR9’s ~140 kDa band .

Limitations

Cross-reactivity with paralogs (e.g., PAF1) not fully ruled out in some studies .
Tissue-specific expression patterns may require validation in non-cancer models .

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Biomarker potential: CTR9 expression stratifies patient survival in ERα+ breast cancer (HR = 2.1, p < 0.01) and glioblastoma (log-rank p < 0.05) .
Therapeutic targeting: PRC2 inhibitors (e.g., EZH2 antagonists) show synthetic lethality in CTR9-depleted cells .

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Components: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

14-16 week lead time (made-to-order)

Synonyms

ctr-9 antibody; tpr-3 antibody; B0464.2 antibody; RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 antibody

Target Names

ctr-9

Uniprot No.

Q03560

Target Background

Function

The CTR9 protein is a component of the PAF1 complex, a multifunctional complex crucial for various stages of transcription. This includes initiation (through genetic interactions with TATA-binding proteins), elongation, and transcription-coupled histone modification. Furthermore, CTR9 is essential for proper epidermal microtubule organization during morphogenesis.

Database Links

KEGG: cel:CELE_B0464.2

STRING: 6239.B0464.2c

UniGene: Cel.5205

Subcellular Location

Nucleus.

Q&A

FAQs for Researchers on CTR9 Antibody in Academic Research

Advanced Research Questions

How can experimental design address CTR9’s dual role in PAFc-dependent and independent transcriptional regulation?
- Knockdown (KD) Comparative Studies: Contrast RNAPII occupancy changes in CTR9 KD vs. PAF1 KD cells to isolate PAFc-independent effects .
- Integrative Multi-Omics: Combine ChIP-seq (ERα/RNAPII), RNA-seq, and histone modification data (e.g., H3K36me3, H2Bub1) to dissect CTR9’s regulatory hierarchy .
What methodologies resolve discrepancies in CTR9 antibody performance across techniques?
- Cross-Validation: Confirm ChIP-seq targets via siRNA rescue experiments or orthogonal techniques like CUT&RUN .
- Artifact Mitigation: Pre-adsorb antibodies with tissue lysates from CTR9-KO models to reduce nonspecific binding .
How to interpret conflicting clinical and in vitro data on CTR9’s role in tamoxifen resistance?
- Stratified Analysis: Segment patient cohorts by CTR9 expression levels (low vs. high) and correlate with tamoxifen response using Cox regression .
- Functional Assays: Perform colony formation assays in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines (e.g., MCF7/LCC2) post-CTR9 KD to quantify restored drug sensitivity .

Data Analysis & Technical Challenges

What statistical approaches are optimal for analyzing genome-wide CTR9/ERα co-occupancy?
- Peak Calling: Use MACS2 with stringent thresholds (FDR < 0.01) to identify high-confidence ERα binding sites .
- Motif Enrichment: Apply MEME-ChIP to assess ERE motif prevalence in CTR9-sensitive vs. insensitive ERα cistromes .
How to troubleshoot low signal-to-noise ratios in CTR9 IHC?
- Antigen Retrieval: Optimize pH (e.g., citrate buffer pH 6.0) and heating time for FFPE tissues .
- Signal Amplification: Employ tyramide-based systems (e.g., Opal™) for low-abundance targets in clinical samples .

Translational Research Integration

What strategies link CTR9 mechanistic studies to patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models?
- Correlative Biomarkers: Quantify CTR9 and ERα protein levels in PDX lysates via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry .
- Therapeutic Testing: Treat CTR9-high PDX models with CDK7 inhibitors (e.g., THZ1) to exploit transcription addiction .

Key Data Table: CTR9 Functional Insights from ERα+ Breast Cancer Studies

Parameter	CTR9-Dependent Effect	Assay Used
ERα Stability	↓ 50–70% upon KD	Western Blot
RNAPII Occupancy	↓ 62% at E2-responsive genes	ChIP-seq
Tamoxifen IC50	↑ 3.5-fold in CTR9-high cells	Colony Formation
Patient Survival	HR = 2.1 (high vs. low CTR9)	Kaplan-Meier

Methodological Recommendations

For transcriptional studies, prioritize antibodies validated in ChIP-seq (e.g., Sigma HPA068122) .
In clinical correlative work, use multiplex IHC to co-stain CTR9, ERα, and proliferation markers (Ki-67) .

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ctr-9 Antibody