Customize cutc-1 Antibody

Description

Biological Role of cutc-1

cutc-1 facilitates copper distribution and detoxification in C. elegans. Knockdown via RNA interference (RNAi) exacerbates copper toxicity, leading to:

Reduced brood size (-28%, p < 0.05)
Growth impairment (20% reduction in body length)
Increased vulval protrusion and "bagging" phenotypes (2-fold increase at 0.5 mM CuSO₄)

These effects highlight its role in mitigating copper-induced cellular stress.

Copper Homeostasis Studies

Expression Profiling: cutc-1 mRNA levels decrease with increasing CuSO₄ concentrations (0.1 mM to 0.5 mM) .
Phenotypic Analysis: RNAi-mediated cutc-1 knockdown increases sensitivity to copper, validated via brood size assays and vulval morphology .

Cuticle Structure Analysis

Immunofluorescence: Anti-cutc-1 antibodies localize the protein to the nematode cuticle, a structure critical for environmental interaction .
Cross-Reactivity: Antibodies against C. elegans cutc-1 show cross-reactivity with cuticlin proteins in parasitic nematodes like Ascaris lumbricoides .

Key Findings from Antibody-Based Studies

Study	Method	Key Insight
RNAi Knockdown	Brood size assay	cutc-1 deficiency reduces progeny by 28%
Copper Accumulation	ICP-MS	Total body copper levels unchanged post-knockdown
Cuticle Localization	IF, IHC	cutc-1 colocalizes with cuticlin in the cuticle

Considerations for Human Homologs

While cutc-1 is specific to C. elegans, human homologs like CUX1 (Homeobox protein cut-like 1) share structural motifs. Antibodies targeting CUX1 (e.g., ab242194 , #81557 ) are used in mammalian studies but are distinct from cutc-1 reagents.

Future Directions

Further studies could explore cutc-1’s interaction with other metallochaperones or its role in aging. Human CUX1 antibodies may provide comparative insights into conserved copper-regulation mechanisms.

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% ProClin 300; Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

14-16 weeks (Made-to-order)

Synonyms

cutc-1 antibody; ZK353.7Copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog antibody

Target Names

cutc-1

Uniprot No.

P34630

Target Background

Function

The target protein is involved in copper homeostasis and influences body morphology and length, as well as egg-laying and brood size.

Database Links

KEGG: cel:CELE_ZK353.7

STRING: 6239.ZK353.7.1

UniGene: Cel.9572

Protein Families

CutC family

Q&A

Advanced Research Questions

How can contradictory results in CUT-1 localization be resolved across studies?
Discrepancies often arise from:
- Antigen retrieval methods: TE buffer (pH 9.0) vs. citrate (pH 6.0) alters epitope accessibility in IHC .
- Fixation protocols: High-pressure cryoprocessing preserves epitopes better than formaldehyde in ultrastructural studies .
- Solution: Include technical replicates with alternative protocols and validate with orthogonal methods (e.g., RNAi or CRISPR knockouts) .

What computational and experimental strategies optimize antibody library design for CUT-1/CUTC targeting?
A hybrid approach combining deep learning and linear programming improves diversity and specificity in antibody libraries :

Parameter	Strategy
Mutation constraints	Limit mutations to CDR3 regions (e.g., Trastuzumab heavy chain)
Multi-objective goals	Balance s<sub>IFOLD</sub> (stability) and ProtBERT scores (antigen affinity)
Batch diversity	Enforce n<sub>max</sub>/n<sub>min</sub> mutations per position to avoid bias

How do CUT-1/CUTC functional studies in C. elegans inform mammalian copper homeostasis research?
Key findings from C. elegans:
- Brood size reduction: cuc-1 knockouts show 15% fewer progeny, rescued by wild-type cuc-1 transgenes .
- Copper sensitivity: CUC-1 protects against Cu toxicity (>100 µM) but does not affect lifespan .
  These results suggest conserved protective roles against metal toxicity, but divergent developmental functions.

Methodological Considerations

What controls are critical for CUT-1/CUTC antibody validation in functional assays?
- Positive controls: Wild-type tissues/cells (e.g., HeLa lysates for WB) .
- Negative controls: cuc-1 KO C. elegans or CUTC-KO HeLa cells .
- Dosage controls: Copper-supplemented media (50–100 µM) to assess metal-responsive expression .
How can Tfh profiling strategies enhance antibody persistence studies relevant to CUTC?
Lessons from HIV vaccine research :
- Adjuvant selection: MPLA + QS-21 promotes Tfh1 responses, correlating with prolonged antibody titers (r = 0.82 vs. CAF01-induced Tfh1/17) .
- Durability metrics: Track IgG1 subclass dominance and IFN-γ+ Tfh cells for sustained immunity .

Data Interpretation Tables

Table 1: Antibody performance across applications

Application	Dilution Range	Key Tissues/Cells	Validation Method
WB	1:500–1:2000	HeLa, mouse muscle	KO lysate comparison
IHC	1:20–1:200	Human pancreas, cancer	Antigen retrieval pH
IF	1:200–1:800	HeLa	Co-staining with DAPI

Table 2: Functional impacts of cuc-1 knockout in C. elegans

Phenotype	Wild-Type	cuc-1 KO	Rescue by Transgene
DTC migration defects	0%	10–15%	Yes
Brood size	300 ± 20	250 ± 30	Yes
Lifespan	21 days	20 days	No

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cutc-1 Antibody