Customize 36 kDa cell wall Antibody

Description

Contextual Analysis of 36 kDa Targets

The 36 kDa size range is observed in both muscle proteins (e.g., Tropomyosin) and stress-induced fungal cell wall components. Key distinctions:

Protein Type	Molecular Weight	Localization	Antibody Example
Tropomyosin	36/39 kDa	Muscle tissue	MA1095
Fungal Stress Proteins	30–40 kDa	Cell wall surface	Pga31

Anti-Tropomyosin Antibody MA1095 (36/39 kDa)

Characteristics :

Target: Tropomyosin isoforms in muscle tissues (non-cell wall protein)
Reactivity: Cross-species (human, mouse, rat)
Western Blot: Detects bands at 35–45 kDa (Fig. 1)
Applications: Muscle pathology research, not microbial studies

Fungal Cell Wall Antibodies in the 30–40 kDa Range

While no 36 kDa-specific cell wall antibody is documented, related targets include:

A. Candida albicans Pga31

Molecular Weight: ~31 kDa
Function: β-1,3-glucan-modifying enzyme critical for cell wall integrity
Antibodies:
- 1B11/1G4 scAbs: Bind Pga31 epitopes exposed during caspofungin treatment
- Reformatted mAbs: Showed 400-fold affinity improvement (EC₅₀: 400 pM)

Cryptococcal Chitooligomer-Binding Antibodies

Target: Chitin fragments (3–6 kDa) in Cryptococcus neoformans
Antibodies:
- DD11 IgM: Higher affinity (Kₐ = 5.4 × 10⁴ M⁻¹) than CC5
- Synergy: Enhanced amphotericin B efficacy by 40% (FII < 1)

Technical Challenges in Cell Wall Antibody Development

Epitope Masking: Tight polysaccharide arrays hinder antibody access
Immunization Strategies:
- Shotgun Approach: Crude cell wall extracts improve immunogenicity
- HTP Platforms: Enable epitope mapping via oligosaccharide microarrays

Key Research Gaps

No validated 36 kDa fungal/bacterial cell wall antibody exists in peer-reviewed literature.
Anti-Tropomyosin MA1095’s 36 kDa detection is unrelated to microbial targets .
Putative cross-reactivity between muscle proteins and microbial antigens remains unexplored.

Future Directions

Screen hybridoma libraries against 30–40 kDa fungal cell wall fractions.
Apply phage display to isolate antibodies for stress-induced epitopes (e.g., caspofungin-exposed Pga31 ).

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% ProClin 300; Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

14-16 weeks lead time (made-to-order)

Synonyms

36 kDa cell wall protein antibody; Fragment antibody

Uniprot No.

P80849

Target Background

Subcellular Location

Secreted, cell wall.

Q&A

Here’s a structured collection of FAQs tailored for academic researchers working with 36 kDa cell wall antibodies, incorporating methodological insights and data from peer-reviewed studies:

Advanced Research Questions

How do I resolve discrepancies in 36 kDa antibody reactivity across experimental systems?

Analysis Framework:
- Epitope masking: Pre-treat samples with enzymes (e.g., pectate lyase for plant cell walls) .
- Glycosylation interference: Use deglycosylation enzymes (e.g., PNGase F) and compare band shifts .
- Cross-reactivity: Screen against phylogenetically related proteins (e.g., Connexin 36 vs. other connexins) .

What strategies improve antibody performance in non-model plant systems?

Experimental Design:
- Generate phage-display libraries from synchronized cell cultures to enrich target-specific clones .
- Apply subtractive screening against non-vascular cell wall extracts .
- Use epitope mapping tools (e.g., LM5/LM6 for polysaccharide motifs) .

How do I validate antibody utility in structural studies of cell wall dynamics?

Integrated Workflow:
- Localization: Combine immunofluorescence with Calcofluor White staining for wall architecture .
- Quantification: Pair Western blotting with ELISA for absolute antigen levels .
- Functional assays: Correlate antibody binding with mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength assays) .

Data Interpretation & Troubleshooting

Why does my antibody detect multiple bands near 36 kDa?

Root Cause Analysis:
- Proteolytic degradation: Add fresh protease inhibitors during extraction .
- Isoform expression: Test tissues with known isoform dominance (e.g., heart vs. skeletal muscle) .
- Phosphorylation states: Treat lysates with phosphatases (e.g., λ-PPase) .

How do I address inconsistent immunohistochemistry results?

Optimization Steps:
- Fixation: Compare paraformaldehyde vs. cold methanol effects on epitope preservation .
- Embedding: Test resin types (e.g., LR White vs. Spurr’s) for epitope accessibility .
- Antigen retrieval: Use graded KOH (2–24%) to unmask polysaccharide epitopes .

Emerging Methodologies

Can phage display libraries replace hybridoma technology for cell wall antibody development?

Comparative Assessment:

Parameter	Phage Display	Hybridoma
Epitope Diversity	Broad (10^6–10^11 clones)	Limited by immunization
Development Time	6–8 weeks	3–6 months
Glycosylation Sensitivity	High (screen under native conditions)	Moderate (dependent on immunization)

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36 kDa cell wall Antibody