SCRL4 Antibody

Clinical and Diagnostic Significance

SALL4 antibodies are pivotal in diagnosing and prognosing cancers:

Key Findings:

• SALL4 antibodies demonstrate near-universal sensitivity (>90%) in intratubular germ cell neoplasia and yolk sac tumors .

• Non-testicular tumors (e.g., sarcomas) typically show weak or negative staining .

3.1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

• Specificity: A 2022 study developed a monoclonal antibody against SALL4-A, showing nuclear/cytoplasmic staining in testicular cancer but no reactivity in normal kidney, stomach, or prostate tissues .

• Validation: Antibody affinity was confirmed via ELISA, with high binding to recombinant SALL4-A (KD < 10 nM) .

3.2. Limitations

• False Positives: Occasional weak staining in non-target carcinomas .

• Assay Variability: Performance depends on antigen retrieval methods and fixation protocols .

Challenges in Antibody Characterization

Despite utility, SALL4 antibodies face challenges common to therapeutic reagents:

• Validation Crisis: Up to 75% of commercial antibodies fail to recognize intended targets in specific assays .

• Reagent Optimization: Recombinant antibodies outperform polyclonals in reproducibility .

Future Directions

• Isoform-Specific Studies: Current antibodies target SALL4-A; isoform B/C reagents remain underdeveloped .

• Therapeutic Potential: No SALL4-targeted therapies are approved, but its role in cancer stem cells warrants exploration .