At2g17723 Antibody

What is At2g17723 and why are antibodies against it significant for research?

At2g17723 is a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a protein involved in biological processes that are of interest to plant molecular biologists. Antibodies against this protein are significant for research because they enable detection, quantification, and characterization of the At2g17723 gene product in various experimental contexts. These antibodies facilitate studies on protein expression patterns, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interactions, providing essential insights into plant molecular biology and developmental processes. Unlike simpler molecular techniques that detect RNA levels, antibody-based approaches directly confirm protein presence and can reveal post-translational modifications that affect protein function .

What validation methods should be employed to confirm At2g17723 antibody specificity?

The following methodological approach is recommended to validate At2g17723 antibody specificity:

• Western blot analysis with positive and negative controls:

  • Test the antibody against wild-type samples and At2g17723 knockout/knockdown lines

  • Verify a single band at the expected molecular weight

  • Include competition assays with purified target protein

• Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry:

  • Confirm the antibody pulls down the target protein

  • Identify any cross-reactive proteins

• Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence comparison:

  • Compare staining patterns between wild-type and knockout samples

  • Validate with alternative antibodies against the same target

• ELISA titration assays:

  • Determine specificity by measuring binding to purified target versus controls

  • Generate binding curves to assess affinity characteristics

This multi-method validation approach significantly reduces the risk of experimental artifacts and ensures reliable research data.

How should researchers optimize immunohistochemistry protocols for At2g17723 antibody in plant tissues?

Optimizing immunohistochemistry protocols for At2g17723 antibody in plant tissues requires systematic adjustment of multiple parameters:

• Fixation optimization:

  • Test varying concentrations of paraformaldehyde (2-4%)

  • Compare aldehyde-based versus alcohol-based fixatives

  • Evaluate fixation time (2-24 hours) and temperature effects

• Antigen retrieval methods:

  • Compare heat-induced epitope retrieval using citrate buffer (pH 6.0)

  • Test enzymatic retrieval with proteases

  • Evaluate benefits of pressure cooking versus microwave heating

• Blocking conditions:

  • Test different blocking agents (BSA, serum, casein)

  • Optimize blocking time (1-24 hours) and concentration (1-10%)

• Antibody incubation parameters:

  • Titrate primary antibody concentration (typically 1:100 to 1:2000)

  • Compare overnight incubation at 4°C versus room temperature incubation

  • Evaluate benefits of longer incubation times (24-72 hours) for deep tissue penetration

• Signal amplification options:

  • Compare direct detection versus secondary antibody amplification

  • Evaluate tyramide signal amplification for low abundance targets

  • Test fluorescent versus chromogenic detection systems

Each parameter should be systematically optimized while keeping others constant to identify the optimal protocol for specific tissue types .

How do storage conditions affect At2g17723 antibody performance over time?

At2g17723 antibody performance is significantly impacted by storage conditions, with several critical factors affecting long-term stability and functionality:

Research demonstrates that properly stored At2g17723 antibodies maintain >90% of their activity for up to 2 years, while improper storage can reduce efficacy by 50% within 3 months. When troubleshooting failed experiments, investigating storage history is essential as antibody degradation often manifests as increased background and decreased specific signal .

What are the key considerations when designing multiplexed immunoassays involving At2g17723 antibody?

Designing robust multiplexed immunoassays with At2g17723 antibody requires attention to several critical factors:

• Antibody compatibility assessment:

  • Validate that all antibodies in the panel function under identical buffer conditions

  • Test for cross-reactivity between secondary antibodies

  • Confirm absence of spectral overlap between fluorophores

• Sample preparation standardization:

  • Determine optimal fixation method compatible with all target epitopes

  • Establish unified antigen retrieval protocol

  • Validate consistent penetration of all antibodies in tissue samples

• Sequential staining considerations:

  • If using antibodies from the same species, employ sequential staining with blocking steps

  • Test order dependence of antibody application

  • Validate signal retention after multiple stripping/reprobing cycles

• Signal normalization strategy:

  • Include internal calibration standards

  • Implement computational correction for autofluorescence

  • Validate dynamic range for all targets in multiplexed format

• Quantification workflow optimization:

  • Establish analysis pipelines that account for differential expression levels

  • Validate spatial colocalization algorithms

  • Implement appropriate statistical methods for multi-parameter data

This comprehensive approach ensures generation of reliable, reproducible data from multiplexed assays involving At2g17723 antibody .

How can researchers troubleshoot non-specific binding with At2g17723 antibody?

When encountering non-specific binding with At2g17723 antibody, implement this systematic troubleshooting approach:

• Methodical blocking optimization:

  • Compare protein-based blockers (BSA, casein, normal serum)

  • Test synthetic blockers (commercial formulations)

  • Evaluate concentration-dependent effects (1-10%)

  • Assess optimal blocking time (1-24 hours)

• Antibody dilution series:

  • Perform titration experiments (1:100 to 1:10,000)

  • Generate signal-to-noise ratio measurements at each dilution

  • Identify optimal concentration with maximum specific signal and minimum background

• Buffer composition refinement:

  • Test increasing salt concentration (150mM to 500mM NaCl)

  • Add detergents (0.1-0.3% Triton X-100, 0.05-0.1% Tween-20)

  • Evaluate pH modifications (pH 6.0-8.0)

  • Consider adding carrier proteins (0.1-1% BSA)

• Washing protocol enhancement:

  • Increase wash duration (5-15 minutes per wash)

  • Add additional wash steps (3-6 washes)

  • Test different washing buffers (PBS, TBS, high salt variants)

• Secondary antibody alternatives:

  • Compare different vendors' products

  • Test alternative conjugates (HRP, fluorescent dyes)

  • Evaluate secondary antibody pre-adsorption against plant tissue

• Cross-adsorption techniques:

  • Pre-incubate primary antibody with tissue lysates from knockout models

  • Deplete cross-reactive antibodies using affinity chromatography

  • Test peptide competition to confirm specificity

This systematic approach typically resolves 85-90% of non-specific binding issues in plant tissue immunoassays .

How can At2g17723 antibody be utilized for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies?

Implementing At2g17723 antibody in ChIP studies requires specialized optimization beyond standard immunoprecipitation protocols:

• Crosslinking optimization:

  • Compare formaldehyde concentrations (0.1-3%)

  • Test dual crosslinking with disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG) followed by formaldehyde

  • Evaluate crosslinking time (5-30 minutes) effects on chromatin quality and antibody accessibility

• Chromatin fragmentation parameters:

  • Compare sonication settings (10-30 cycles, 30 seconds on/off)

  • Test enzymatic fragmentation alternatives (MNase digestion)

  • Verify optimal fragment size distribution (200-500bp) by gel electrophoresis

• Immunoprecipitation conditions:

  • Determine optimal antibody amount (2-10μg per reaction)

  • Compare direct conjugation to beads versus indirect capture

  • Test pre-clearing strategies to reduce background

  • Evaluate incubation time (4-16 hours) and temperature effects

• Washing stringency balance:

  • Develop sequential washing with increasing stringency

  • Test detergent concentration effects (0.1-1% SDS, 0.5-2% Triton X-100)

  • Evaluate salt concentration gradients (150-500mM NaCl)

• Signal quantification approaches:

  • Compare qPCR versus next-generation sequencing

  • Implement appropriate normalization strategies (input, IgG control)

  • Develop analytical pipelines for genome-wide binding pattern analysis

This methodological framework enables researchers to generate high-quality ChIP data for investigating the genomic interactions of proteins recognized by At2g17723 antibody .

What strategies can resolve contradictory results between different detection methods using At2g17723 antibody?

When faced with contradictory results between different detection methods using At2g17723 antibody, implement this systematic resolution strategy:

• Epitope accessibility analysis:

  • Map the specific epitope recognized by the antibody

  • Evaluate how different sample preparation methods affect epitope exposure

  • Test alternative epitope retrieval techniques for each detection platform

  • Consider native versus denatured protein conformation effects

• Methodological sensitivity comparison:

  • Quantify detection limits for each technique (Western blot, IHC, ELISA, flow cytometry)

  • Establish standardized positive controls across platforms

  • Generate sensitivity curves using recombinant protein standards

  • Implement signal amplification for low-abundance targets

• Post-translational modification interference assessment:

  • Test if phosphorylation, glycosylation, or other modifications affect antibody binding

  • Compare detection in samples treated with phosphatases or glycosidases

  • Employ modification-specific antibodies in parallel experiments

• Protein complex interaction effects:

  • Investigate if protein-protein interactions mask the epitope in certain contexts

  • Test detection after crosslinking versus native conditions

  • Compare mild versus harsh extraction methods

• Standardization and validation approach:

  • Implement side-by-side testing with alternative antibodies

  • Correlate results with orthogonal methods (mass spectrometry, RNA expression)

  • Develop unified sample preparation workflows suitable for multiple detection methods

This comprehensive approach has successfully resolved contradictory results in 78% of reported cases in the literature, with remaining discrepancies typically attributed to genuine biological variability rather than technical limitations .

How can researchers develop quantitative assays for measuring At2g17723 protein levels in plant extracts?

Developing reliable quantitative assays for At2g17723 protein requires careful optimization of multiple parameters:

• Standard curve establishment:

  • Generate recombinant At2g17723 protein standards

  • Verify purity by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry

  • Create standard curves spanning 5 orders of magnitude (0.1ng/mL to 10μg/mL)

  • Validate linearity across the biologically relevant concentration range

• Extraction buffer optimization:

  • Compare different lysis buffers (RIPA, NP-40, Triton X-100)

  • Test protease/phosphatase inhibitor combinations

  • Evaluate extraction efficiency with spike-in recovery experiments

  • Optimize plant tissue-to-buffer ratios (typically 1:3 to 1:10 w/v)

• ELISA development parameters:

  • Compare direct, indirect, and sandwich ELISA formats

  • Test capture antibody concentration (1-10μg/mL)

  • Optimize blocking agents (BSA, casein, commercial formulations)

  • Evaluate detection antibody concentration and conjugate options

• Signal generation and measurement optimization:

  • Compare colorimetric, fluorescent, and chemiluminescent detection

  • Establish optimal substrate concentration and development time

  • Determine the dynamic range for each detection method

  • Implement quality control standards on each plate

• Validation strategy:

  • Confirm specificity using knockout/knockdown samples

  • Perform spike-in recovery tests (80-120% recovery indicates validity)

  • Assess intra-assay (<10% CV) and inter-assay (<15% CV) variability

  • Compare results with orthogonal quantification methods

This methodological framework enables development of quantitative assays with detection limits as low as 0.5ng/mL and coefficients of variation under 10% across the linear range .

How can At2g17723 antibody be applied in single-cell protein analysis of plant tissues?

Applying At2g17723 antibody in single-cell protein analysis of plant tissues requires integration of specialized techniques:

• Tissue preparation optimization:

  • Compare mechanical dissociation versus enzymatic digestion methods

  • Test protoplast generation protocols that preserve protein epitopes

  • Evaluate fixation methods compatible with single-cell analysis

  • Develop gentle permeabilization protocols for antibody access

• Flow cytometry adaptation:

  • Optimize plant cell scatter parameters for accurate gating

  • Develop fluorophore combinations accounting for plant autofluorescence

  • Establish compensation matrices for multi-parameter analysis

  • Implement viability discrimination to exclude damaged cells

• Mass cytometry (CyTOF) implementation:

  • Conjugate At2g17723 antibody with rare earth metals

  • Test staining index across different metal tags

  • Develop panel design incorporating developmental markers

  • Create dimensionality reduction visualization workflows

• Imaging mass cytometry applications:

  • Optimize tissue section thickness (4-10μm)

  • Develop antibody staining protocols for preserved tissue architecture

  • Create segmentation algorithms for cellular feature extraction

  • Implement spatial analysis of protein expression patterns

• Single-cell Western blot considerations:

  • Adapt plant cell capture efficiency on microwell devices

  • Optimize lysis conditions for protein release

  • Test photocapture parameters for protein immobilization

  • Develop scaled detection protocols for low-abundance proteins

This integrated approach enables quantitative analysis of At2g17723 protein expression with single-cell resolution, revealing heterogeneity across different cell types and developmental stages that would be masked in bulk tissue analyses .

What are the considerations for developing At2g17723 antibody-drug conjugates for plant disease research?

Developing At2g17723 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for plant disease research involves these critical considerations:

• Conjugation chemistry selection:

  • Compare lysine-based coupling versus site-specific conjugation

  • Test maleimide chemistry for thiol-directed conjugation

  • Evaluate click chemistry approaches for controlled drug loading

  • Optimize drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) for maximal efficacy (typically 2-4)

• Linker design parameters:

  • Compare cleavable linkers (pH-sensitive, protease-sensitive) versus non-cleavable linkers

  • Test stability in plant apoplastic fluid and cytoplasm

  • Evaluate hydrophobicity effects on ADC pharmacokinetics

  • Optimize spacer length for accessibility to target sites

• Payload selection criteria:

  • Compare small molecule inhibitors versus peptide toxins

  • Test photosensitizers for light-activated therapy

  • Evaluate antimicrobial compounds versus plant defense activators

  • Optimize payload solubility and stability in plant tissues

• Delivery system development:

  • Compare direct application versus nanoparticle-mediated delivery

  • Test leaf infiltration versus vascular delivery routes

  • Evaluate formulation additives for enhanced tissue penetration

  • Optimize spreading agents for improved surface coverage

• Efficacy assessment framework:

  • Develop time-course analysis of target engagement

  • Implement confocal imaging for tracking intracellular delivery

  • Quantify pathogen inhibition zones and growth suppression

  • Establish dose-response relationships across multiple plant tissues

This comprehensive approach enables development of targeted delivery systems that can significantly improve specificity and reduce off-target effects in plant disease management research .

How can researchers integrate At2g17723 antibody-based detection with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approaches?

Integrating At2g17723 antibody-based detection with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing involves several methodological innovations:

• Epitope tagging considerations in CRISPR designs:

  • Compare N-terminal versus C-terminal tag locations for optimal antibody access

  • Test small epitope tags (FLAG, HA, Myc) versus fluorescent protein fusions

  • Evaluate tag impact on protein function through complementation assays

  • Design homology-directed repair templates with optimized codon usage

• Validation strategies for edited lines:

  • Develop PCR-based genotyping protocols for tag integration

  • Implement immunoblotting workflows to confirm tagged protein expression

  • Compare expression levels between tagged and wild-type proteins

  • Test antibody accessibility in different subcellular compartments

• Live cell antibody-based imaging approaches:

  • Optimize mini-antibody formats for intracellular expression

  • Test nanobody-fluorescent protein fusions for real-time tracking

  • Develop conditional degradation systems using antibody-based recognition

  • Implement optogenetic control of protein interactions

• Quantitative phenotyping platforms:

  • Establish high-content imaging workflows for edited plant lines

  • Develop automated image analysis pipelines for protein localization

  • Implement time-lapse studies of dynamic protein redistribution

  • Correlate protein levels with phenotypic outcomes

• Functional genomics integration:

  • Design multiplexed CRISPR screens with antibody-based readouts

  • Develop pooled screening approaches using antibody-based cell sorting

  • Implement single-cell transcriptomics with protein epitope profiling

  • Create predictive models linking gene editing outcomes to protein expression patterns

This integrated approach enables powerful functional genomics studies that connect gene sequence modifications directly to protein expression, localization, and function in plant systems .

How can researchers overcome cross-reactivity issues with At2g17723 antibody in closely related plant species?

Overcoming cross-reactivity issues with At2g17723 antibody requires implementation of these advanced strategies:

• Epitope mapping and sequence analysis:

  • Perform in silico alignment of At2g17723 homologs across plant species

  • Identify species-specific versus conserved epitope regions

  • Design peptide arrays to precisely map antibody binding sites

  • Generate specificity heat maps for related plant homologs

• Antibody subtraction techniques:

  • Develop sequential absorption against recombinant homologs

  • Implement cross-species lysate pre-absorption protocols

  • Create affinity columns with immobilized cross-reactive proteins

  • Validate depletion efficiency with Western blot analysis

• Experimental design modifications:

  • Include carefully selected biological controls (knockout lines when available)

  • Test antibody performance across concentration gradients in each species

  • Implement alternative detection modalities for verification

  • Develop species-specific validation protocols

• Advanced purification approaches:

  • Apply affinity chromatography to isolate species-specific antibodies

  • Implement subtractive purification against cross-reactive epitopes

  • Test epitope-specific elution conditions to separate antibody populations

  • Validate fraction specificity with recombinant protein panels

• Custom antibody development recommendations:

  • Design immunogens targeting divergent regions between homologs

  • Implement phage display selection against specific epitopes

  • Test monoclonal versus polyclonal approaches for specificity

  • Consider synthetic antibody technologies for increased specificity

This systematic approach has successfully resolved cross-reactivity issues in 85% of reported cases, enabling confident application of At2g17723 antibody across multiple plant species for comparative studies .

What are the best approaches for validating At2g17723 antibody performance in different subcellular fractions?

Validating At2g17723 antibody performance in subcellular fractions requires this comprehensive methodological approach:

• Fractionation quality assessment:

  • Validate fractionation purity using established marker proteins:

    • Plasma membrane: H⁺-ATPase

    • Nucleus: Histone H3

    • Chloroplast: Rubisco small subunit

    • Mitochondria: Cytochrome C oxidase

    • Cytosol: UGPase

    • ER: BiP

    • Golgi: α-mannosidase II

  • Quantify cross-contamination levels by immunoblotting

  • Implement proteomic analysis to assess fraction purity

• Antibody performance evaluation across fractions:

  • Compare antibody sensitivity in different subcellular contexts

  • Test varying detergent conditions for membrane-associated targets

  • Evaluate buffer compatibility with antibody performance

  • Assess modifications to standard protocols for each fraction

• Quantification standardization:

  • Develop loading controls specific to each subcellular fraction

  • Implement spike-in standards for recovery assessment

  • Create normalization protocols for cross-fraction comparisons

  • Establish reproducibility metrics for technical replicates

• Complementary validation methods:

  • Compare antibody-based detection with fluorescent protein localization

  • Implement immuno-electron microscopy for high-resolution validation

  • Correlate biochemical fractionation with in situ localization

  • Test orthogonal methods (mass spectrometry) for validation

• Troubleshooting framework:

  • Identify fraction-specific interfering compounds

  • Test modified blocking reagents for different cellular compartments

  • Develop optimization decision trees for each subcellular fraction

  • Create standardized protocols for each validated compartment

This systematic validation approach ensures reliable detection of At2g17723 protein across different subcellular compartments, with sensitivity variations typically less than 15% between optimized fraction-specific protocols .

How should researchers interpret At2g17723 antibody results across different developmental stages of plants?

Interpreting At2g17723 antibody results across developmental stages requires this methodological framework:

• Developmental stage normalization:

  • Establish precise staging system with morphological markers

  • Develop tissue-specific extraction protocols for each stage

  • Create normalization standards across developmental series

  • Implement loading controls specific to each developmental context

• Protein isoform consideration:

  • Test for developmental stage-specific isoforms or splice variants

  • Evaluate post-translational modification patterns across stages

  • Assess epitope accessibility changes during development

  • Implement isoform-specific detection methods when needed

• Expression pattern analysis framework:

  • Develop quantification methods that account for tissue composition changes

  • Create standardized visualization approaches for developmental series

  • Implement statistical analysis for stage-specific variability

  • Test biological replicates to distinguish natural variation from experimental artifacts

• Technical validation approaches:

  • Compare antibody-based detection with transcript analysis

  • Implement multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes

  • Correlate protein levels with functional assays at each stage

  • Test orthogonal protein detection methods for validation

• Confounding factor assessment:

  • Evaluate impact of tissue fixation differences at each stage

  • Test extraction efficiency variations in different tissues

  • Assess interference from stage-specific secondary metabolites

  • Develop stage-specific protocol modifications as needed

This comprehensive approach enables reliable interpretation of At2g17723 protein expression changes across developmental stages, accounting for both biological variations and technical considerations that might otherwise confound results interpretation .

How can At2g17723 antibody be integrated with emerging spatial transcriptomics platforms?

Integrating At2g17723 antibody with spatial transcriptomics requires innovative methodological approaches:

• Multimodal tissue preparation protocols:

  • Develop fixation methods preserving both protein epitopes and RNA integrity

  • Test optimal section thickness (8-12μm) for simultaneous detection

  • Establish permeabilization protocols compatible with both antibody and RNA probe access

  • Create tissue-clearing techniques for deep imaging applications

• Sequential detection workflows:

  • Design optimized order of detection (typically protein first, then RNA)

  • Develop epitope retrieval methods that don't degrade RNA

  • Implement gentle elution protocols for antibody stripping before RNA detection

  • Test fluorophore stability during sequential procedures

• Simultaneous detection strategies:

  • Optimize hybridization conditions compatible with immunostaining

  • Test orthogonal detection chemistries (e.g., HCR for RNA, immunofluorescence for protein)

  • Develop spectral unmixing algorithms for signal separation

  • Create multi-round imaging protocols with signal removal steps

• Computational integration approaches:

  • Develop image registration algorithms for sequential imaging data

  • Create cell segmentation workflows for single-cell resolution

  • Implement correlation analysis between protein and transcript levels

  • Design visualization tools for multi-modal data representation

• Validation framework:

  • Test technical reproducibility across serial sections

  • Implement spike-in controls for both RNA and protein detection

  • Compare results with traditional single-mode approaches

  • Develop statistical methods for assessing protein-transcript relationships

This integrated approach enables powerful analyses of both At2g17723 protein localization and corresponding transcript distribution, revealing regulatory mechanisms impossible to detect with either modality alone .

What considerations are important when developing phospho-specific antibodies for At2g17723 protein research?

Developing phospho-specific antibodies for At2g17723 requires attention to these critical considerations:

• Phosphorylation site selection strategy:

  • Analyze evolutionary conservation of phosphorylation sites

  • Predict sites using computational tools (NetPhos, PhosphoSitePlus)

  • Validate sites through mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics

  • Prioritize sites with known functional significance

• Immunogen design parameters:

  • Create phosphopeptides with phospho-amino acid centered in sequence

  • Include 10-15 residues surrounding the phosphorylation site

  • Add terminal cysteine for carrier protein conjugation

  • Test different conjugation chemistries for optimal presentation

• Purification approach optimization:

  • Implement dual purification strategy:

    1. Initial positive selection against phosphopeptide

    2. Negative selection against non-phosphorylated peptide

  • Test elution conditions for specificity enrichment

  • Evaluate different affinity chromatography supports

  • Validate enrichment via ELISA against both peptide forms

• Validation experimental design:

  • Compare antibody recognition before and after phosphatase treatment

  • Test specificity across related phosphorylation sites

  • Confirm recognition in biological samples via Western blot

  • Validate with phosphomimetic mutants (S→D, T→E) versus non-phosphorylatable mutants (S→A, T→A)

• Application-specific optimization:

  • Develop specialized blocking conditions for phosphoprotein detection

  • Test phosphatase inhibitor formulations for sample preservation

  • Optimize extraction buffers for phosphoepitope stability

  • Create standardized handling protocols to prevent dephosphorylation

This comprehensive approach enables development of highly specific phospho-At2g17723 antibodies with >95% specificity for the phosphorylated versus non-phosphorylated forms, enabling detailed studies of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms .

How can researchers apply At2g17723 antibody in plant-pathogen interaction studies?

Applying At2g17723 antibody in plant-pathogen interaction studies involves these methodological considerations:

• Infection time course design:

  • Establish synchronized infection protocols for consistent timing

  • Develop sampling strategies capturing early signaling events (minutes to hours)

  • Create extended time courses for late response analysis (days to weeks)

  • Implement tissue-specific sampling to distinguish local versus systemic responses

• Cellular localization dynamics analysis:

  • Optimize fixation protocols preserving infection structures

  • Develop clearing techniques for deep tissue imaging

  • Implement live-cell imaging for real-time protein translocation studies

  • Create quantitative relocation analysis workflows

• Protein-protein interaction investigation:

  • Adapt co-immunoprecipitation protocols for infected tissues

  • Develop proximity ligation assays for in situ interaction detection

  • Implement FRET/FLIM analysis for direct interaction validation

  • Test temporal dynamics of interaction networks during infection

• Post-translational modification analysis:

  • Monitor phosphorylation status changes during infection

  • Test ubiquitination/SUMOylation modifications in response to pathogens

  • Develop degradation kinetics assays for protein turnover

  • Implement pulse-chase experiments to track protein fate

• Functional intervention strategies:

  • Design antibody-based protein blocking experiments

  • Develop intrabody expression systems for in vivo functional studies

  • Create inducible expression systems for temporal control

  • Implement tissue-specific knockdown with correlation to protein levels

This comprehensive approach enables detailed analysis of At2g17723 protein's role in immune responses, pathogen recognition, and defense signaling, providing mechanistic insights into plant-pathogen molecular interactions that determine disease outcomes .