dltA Antibody
Description
Definition and Structure
The TCR delta antibody is a monoclonal rabbit recombinant antibody designed to specifically recognize the constant region of the TCR delta chain. It belongs to the IgG class and is used primarily in research applications such as immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF) and flow cytometry . The antibody structure follows the standard Y-shaped immunoglobulin framework, comprising two heavy chains and two light chains, with antigen-binding sites located in the variable (Fv) region .
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Target | Constant region of TCR delta chain |
| Class | IgG |
| Species Reactivity | Human, transfected cell lines |
| Applications | ICC/IF, Flow Cytometry |
Biological Function of TCR Delta
TCR delta is part of the gamma-delta T-cell receptor, which recognizes non-peptide antigens such as:
Upon antigen binding, the TCR delta chain triggers:
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Signal transduction via phosphorylation of ITAM motifs in CD3 chains.
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Activation of ZAP70 kinase, leading to calcium mobilization and ERK activation .
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T-cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells critical for pathogen clearance and tissue repair .
Antibody Specificity
The TCR delta antibody demonstrates high specificity for the constant region of the delta chain, enabling precise detection of gamma-delta T cells in human tissues. Studies highlight its utility in:
Clinical Relevance
Gamma-delta T cells play roles in:
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Cancer immunotherapy, where their tumor-lysing activity is being explored .
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Autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, where dysregulated TCR delta signaling may contribute to inflammation .
Applications in Research
The antibody is widely used in:
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Flow cytometry to enumerate gamma-delta T-cell subsets in blood or tissue samples .
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Immunofluorescence to localize TCR delta+ cells in epithelial layers .
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Functional studies to assess T-cell activation and signaling pathways .
References
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Sino Biological. (n.d.). Antibody Structure, Function, Classes and Formats. Retrieved from https://www.sinobiological.com/resource/antibody-technical/antibody-structure-function
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Nature. (2021). Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9
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Abcam. (2023). Anti-TCR delta antibody [EPR27043-16] (ab313573). Retrieved from https://www.abcam.com/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/tcr-delta-antibody-epr27043-16-ab313573
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Wikipedia. (2001). Antibody. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
DltA catalyzes the initial step in the D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), involving the activation of D-alanine and its transfer onto the D-alanyl carrier protein (Dcp) DltC. This process occurs through an ATP-dependent two-step reaction. First, DltA forms a high-energy D-alanyl-AMP intermediate. Subsequently, the D-alanyl residue is transferred as a thiol ester to the phosphopantheinyl prosthetic group of the Dcp. D-alanylation of LTA plays a crucial role in modulating the properties of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria. This modification influences the net charge of the cell wall, impacting its overall function.
- DltA synthesizes not only N-(d-alanyl)-l-cysteine (a dipeptide) but also various oligopeptides. PMID: 26586916
- Studies have assayed the substrate selectivity of DltA with its substrate DltC. PMID: 15955059
- Analysis of the crystal structure of DltA has provided valuable insights into its function. PMID: 18784082
KEGG: bsu:BSU38500
STRING: 224308.Bsubs1_010100020786
