DPPA3 Antibody
Description
Epigenetic Regulation and DNA Methylation
DPPA3 regulates global DNA methylation by interacting with UHRF1 and DNMT1, key enzymes involved in maintenance methylation. Studies using DPPA3 antibodies have demonstrated:
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DNA Demethylation: Overexpression of DPPA3 reduces DNA methylation levels, while knockdown increases methylation, particularly at transposable elements (LINEs, ERVs) .
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UHRF1 Inhibition: DPPA3 binds UHRF1, displacing it from chromatin and preventing maintenance methylation. This interaction is conserved across species, including Xenopus and medaka .
Pluripotency and 2C-Like State Activation
DPPA3 is essential for maintaining the "2C-like" state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), characterized by activation of MERVL retrotransposons and Zscan4:
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Zscan4 Expression: DPPA3 knockdown reduces Zscan4 protein levels and 2C-like cell populations, while overexpression enhances them .
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DNA Damage Response: DPPA3 co-localizes with γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, and regulates p53 levels, suggesting a role in genomic stability .
Germ Cell Development and Reprogramming
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Imprinting Control: DPPA3 associates with the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting control region (ICR) and suppresses DNMT3A binding, preventing aberrant methylation during somatic cell reprogramming .
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Reprogramming Efficiency: Exogenous Dppa3 enhances reprogramming kinetics, while Dppa3-null fibroblasts fail to generate high-quality induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) .
Mechanistic Insights
Validation Protocols
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IHC: DPPA3 antibodies detect oocyte-specific staining in mouse ovaries, confirming tissue specificity .
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Western Blot: Polyclonal antibodies recognize ~17.67 kDa DPPA3 bands in ESC lysates .
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ELISA: Direct ELISA assays confirm antibody specificity against recombinant DPPA3 .
Challenges and Limitations
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Super-enhancers at the Nanog locus differentially regulate neighboring pluripotency-associated genes, particularly DPPA3. PMID: 27681417
- Our findings indicate that a heterogeneous population of HEK293T cells can be readily shifted towards expressing pluripotency markers through ectopic expression of SON factors or growth in serum-depleted media. PMID: 27794480
- Data suggests that enforced expression of Stella (DPPA3) in normal cells not only induces global DNA demethylation but also promotes neoplastic transformation and enhances metastatic ability, involving altered regulation of neoplastic gene expression. PMID: 26608031
- Given the association of impaired DNA methylation profiles with various developmental and disease phenomena, DPPA3 could serve as a valuable tool for investigating the biological effects of global DNA hypomethylation. PMID: 25280994
- DPPA3 plays a role in facilitating germline and endodermal differentiation of human ES cells. PMID: 23457636
- Human adult tissue-specific transcripts originate via retrotransposition of the pluripotent cell-specific gene, Dppa3. PMID: 16291741
- These results demonstrate that PGC7/Stella (DPPA3) is indispensable for maintaining methylation involved in epigenetic reprogramming after fertilization. PMID: 17143267
- In mice, DPPA3 may play a role in oogenesis and primordial germ cell development. PMID: 11900980
- In mice, a targeted mutation in DPPA3 results in reduced female fertility, suggesting its potential function as a mammalian maternal effect gene. PMID: 14654002
- Knockout experiments in mice indicate that DPPA3 may act as a maternal factor in cleavage stage embryogenesis. PMID: 15018652
