ECT2 Antibody, Biotin conjugated
Shipped with Ice Packs 
In Stock 
Description
Introduction to ECT2 Antibody, Biotin Conjugated
The Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2 (ECT2) Antibody, Biotin Conjugated is a specialized immunological reagent designed to detect and study the ECT2 protein, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) critical in regulating Rho GTPases and cellular processes such as cytokinesis and ribosomal biogenesis . Biotin conjugation enhances the antibody’s utility in assays requiring signal amplification, leveraging the high-affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin/avidin systems .
2.1. Epitope Specificity and Antibody Design
ECT2 antibodies target specific amino acid regions of the protein:
Key Features:
-
Polyclonal Rabbit Origin: Ensures broad epitope recognition .
-
Biotin Conjugation: Enables detection via streptavidin-HRP, streptavidin-Alexa Fluor, or streptavidin-coated beads .
-
Phospho-Specific Variants: Detect phosphorylated ECT2 (e.g., pThr790), critical for studying mitotic regulation .
3.1. Assay Optimization
Biotin-conjugated ECT2 antibodies amplify signals in:
Dilution Guidelines:
| Application | Recommended Dilution |
|---|---|
| WB | 1:500–1:3000 |
| IHC | 1:10–1:50 |
| IF/ICC | 1:200–1:800 |
| Flow Cytometry | 0.25 µg/10⁶ cells |
4.1. Role in Cytokinesis and Oncogenesis
ECT2 regulates Rho GTPases (e.g., RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42) during cell division. Biotin-conjugated antibodies have elucidated:
-
Mitotic Localization: ECT2 spreads throughout the cytoplasm during prometaphase and condenses in the midbody during cytokinesis .
-
Phosphorylation-Dependent Activity: Phosphorylation at Thr790 enhances ECT2’s GEF activity, critical for mitotic progression .
4.2. ECT2-UBF1 Interaction in Ribosomal Biogenesis
In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ECT2 binds the transcription factor UBF1 on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoters:
-
BRCT Domain Dependency: The ECT2 BRCT domain mediates interaction with phosphorylated UBF1 (Ser412) .
-
PKCι-Mediated Phosphorylation: Protein kinase Cι (PKCι) phosphorylates UBF1, enabling ECT2 recruitment and rRNA synthesis .
4.3. Therapeutic Implications
-
Cancer Targeting: Overexpression of ECT2 in tumors correlates with aggressive growth. Biotin-conjugated antibodies enable precise detection for diagnostic or therapeutic monitoring .
-
Universal CAR T Cells: Biotin-streptavidin systems enhance tumor targeting, as demonstrated in HER2+ breast and pancreatic cancers .
Table 1: ECT2 Antibody Comparisons
Table 2: Molecular and Functional Characteristics
Product Specs
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your orders within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery time may vary depending on the shipping method and destination. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery details.
Synonyms
ECT2Protein ECT2 antibody; Epithelial cell-transforming sequence 2 oncogene antibody
Target Names
ECT2
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
ECT2 (Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP. It promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on Rho family members of small GTPases, including RHOA, RHOC, RAC1, and CDC42. This activity is essential for signal transduction pathways involved in regulating cytokinesis, the process of cell division. ECT2 is a component of the centralspindlin complex, which serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling pathway crucial for myosin contractile ring formation during cytokinesis. ECT2 regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region, playing a role in controlling mitotic spindle assembly and regulating CDC42 activation in metaphase for spindle fiber attachment to kinetochores before chromosome congression. ECT2 is involved in regulating epithelial cell polarity and participates in the formation of epithelial tight junctions within the PARD3-PARD6-protein kinase PRKCQ polarity complex. It also contributes to the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inhibits phenobarbital (PB)-induced NR1I3 nuclear translocation. ECT2 stimulates the activity of RAC1 through its association with the oncogenic PARD6A-PRKCI complex in cancer cells, driving tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, ECT2 stimulates genotoxic stress-induced RHOB activity in breast cancer cells, leading to their death.
Gene References Into Functions
- High ECT2 expression has been correlated with tumor metastasis and poor overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. PMID: 28794404
- The expression of ECT2 is linked to the survival of patients with breast cancer, and its high expression is significantly associated with unfavorable survival rates. PMID: 29051317
- Research has identified p53 as a novel upstream signaling molecule of ECT2 in Gastric cancer cells. PMID: 28654632
- High PDC2 expression has been associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26993610
- While ECT2 association with the plasma membrane is essential for cytokinesis, evidence suggests that ECT2 recruitment to the spindle midzone may not fully account for equatorial furrowing and might act redundantly with other unidentified signals. PMID: 27926870
- Among 518 genes co-expressed with ECT2 in LUAD and 386 genes co-expressed with ECT2 in LUSC, there were only 98 genes in the overlapping cluster. PMID: 29088286
- E6AP suppresses breast cancer metastasis by regulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling through the control of ECT2 and Rho GTPase activity. PMID: 27231202
- Ect2 regulates rRNA synthesis through a PKCiota-Ect2-Rac1-NPM signaling axis that is required for lung tumorigenesis. PMID: 28110998
- Data suggests that the expression of epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene (ECT2) can serve as an alternative measurement that can compensate for the inadequacy of the current carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test in the diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 28362321
- Research demonstrates that the cytokinetic proteins epithelial cell transforming 2 and Aurora kinase B (AurkB) are localized to stress granules in human astrocytoma cells. PMID: 27106762
- Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that lower levels of Ect2 mRNA predicted higher overall survivals and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survivals in all patients or non-metastatic patients. PMID: 28012134
- Findings suggest that ECT2 plays a significant role during gastric cancer progression. PMID: 26497353
- Colorectal cancer patients with high expression levels of ECT2 had shorter overall survival. PMID: 26211594
- ECT2 can interact with RACGAP1 to catalyze the GTP exchange involved in Rho signaling, further regulating tumor initiation and metastasis. PMID: 25617497
- Up-regulation of ECT2 might contribute to the progression of gastric carcinogenesis and may be a valuable prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. PMID: 25674238
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is recognized by ECT2. PMID: 25486481
- Central spindle assembly and two Plk1-dependent phosphorylations are required to establish efficient binding of the Ect2 BRCT in early cytokinesis. PMID: 25486482
- ECT2 expression is positively correlated with WHO pathologic grading and unfavorable survival, suggesting that ECT2 may be a potential therapeutic target in human gliomas. PMID: 25237947
- Structural analysis of the triple-BRCT domain of ECT2 provides insights into the binding characteristics to CYK-4. PMID: 25068414
- Deregulation of miR-223 and its target gene ECT2 may be associated with the aggressive tumor progression of human osteosarcoma. PMID: 24784921
- Abnormality of the ECT2 gene occurs at a relatively early stage of lung adenocarcinogenesis and could be a new biomarker for prognostication of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 24484057
- Both Pbl and ECT2 repress Wg/Wnt target gene expression in cultured Drosophila and human cells. PMID: 24198276
- Data suggests that ECT2 may play an oncogenic role in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) neoplastic process. PMID: 23851435
- miR-223 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma, and the miR-223/Ect2/p21 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating osteosarcoma cell cycle progression and proliferation. PMID: 23601845
- ECT2 is essential for tight junction function and maintaining cell polarity. Dysfunction of this gene may lead to renal tubulointerstitial injury, progressing to glomerular sclerosis. PMID: 22552385
- RASAL2 has been identified as an ECT2-interacting protein that regulates RHO activity in astrocytoma cells. PMID: 22683310
- Research indicates that Ect2 becomes active in prophase, where it is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, activating RhoA to induce the formation of a mechanically stiff and rounded metaphase cortex. PMID: 22898780
- Data supports an analogous function for the anillin-Ect2 complex in human cells. One hypothesis is that this complex functionally replaces the Drosophila anillin-RacGAP50C complex. PMID: 22514687
- Ect2 is identified as a cell cycle-regulated protein, suggesting that its ubiquitination-dependent degradation may play a significant role in RhoA regulation during mitosis. PMID: 21886810
- The targeting of Ect2 to the equatorial membrane is a key step in delivering the cytokinetic signal to the cortex. PMID: 22172673
- A mechanism involving the nuclear GEFs Ect2 and Net1 for activating RhoB after genotoxic stress, facilitating cell death following treatment with DNA damaging agents has been proposed. PMID: 21373644
- Ect2 has been suggested as a potential regulator of matrix-contact-side localization of invadopodia-related proteins. PMID: 21474972
- A model has been proposed where PKCiota-mediated phosphorylation regulates Ect2 binding to the oncogenic PKCiota-Par6 complex, thereby activating Rac1 activity and driving transformed growth and invasion. PMID: 21189248
- Results suggest that ECT2 is an indicator of cellular proliferation in OSCCs and that ECT2 might be a potential therapeutic target for the development of new treatments for OSCCs. PMID: 21124766
- XRCC1, CLB6, and BRCT domains of ECT2 play a critical role in regulating cytokinesis. PMID: 14587037
- ECT2 regulates the polarity complex Par6/Par3/PKCzeta and potentially plays a role in epithelial cell polarity. PMID: 15254234
- BRCT domains negatively regulate Ect2 GEF activity in interphase cells and are also required for the proper function of Ect2 during cytokinesis. PMID: 15545273
- Ect2 regulates the activation and function of Cdc42 in mitosis. PMID: 15642749
- Central spindle localization of ECT2 assists division plane positioning, and the CYK-4 subunit of centralspindlin acts upstream of RhoA to promote furrow assembly. PMID: 16103226
- Cdk1 inactivation is sufficient to activate a signaling pathway leading to cytokinesis, which emanates from mitotic spindles and is regulated by ECT2, MgcRacGAP, and RhoA. PMID: 16118207
- MgcRacGAP controls the initiation of cytokinesis by regulating ECT2, which in turn induces the assembly of the contractile ring and triggers the ingression of the cleavage furrow. PMID: 16129829
- Evidence suggests a conformational change of ECT2 upon phosphorylation at T341, implying that ECT2 activity might be regulated by the phosphorylation status of T341. PMID: 16170345
- ECT2 is regulated by Plk1 and CDK1, and phosphorylation of ECT2 leads to accumulation of RHOA. PMID: 16247472
- Research shows that RhoA accumulates at the equatorial cortex before furrow initiation and continues to concentrate at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Centralspindlin and ECT2 are required for this localization and furrowing. PMID: 16352658
- ECT2 knockdown triggers cell cycle arrest in G1. PMID: 16778203
- In mitotic cells, Ect2 localizes to the central spindle and the cell cortex. PMID: 16803869
- Aberrant ECT2 expression, observed in various human tumors, could be the direct result of RB/E2F pathway deficiency, contributing to cell division in cancers. PMID: 16862181
- Late mitotic Plk1 activity promotes recruitment of Ect2 to the central spindle, triggering the initiation of cytokinesis and contributing to cleavage plane specification in human cells. PMID: 17488623
- This gene was silenced. PMID: 17688947
- Results suggest that equatorial Ect2 locally suppresses lamellipodia formation via RhoA activation, which indirectly contributes to restricting lamellipodia formation to polar regions during cytokinesis B. PMID: 17942602
Database Links
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cleavage furrow. Midbody. Cell junction. Cell junction, tight junction. Note=Sequestered within the nucleus during interphase. Dispersed throughout the cytoplasm upon breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. Colocalizes with the centralspindlin complex to the mitotic spindles during anaphase/metaphase, the cleavage furrow during telophase and at the midbody at the end of cytokinesis. Colocalized with RhoA at the midbody. Its subcellular localization to tight junction is increased by calcium. Localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of numerous carcinoma cells.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in lung epithelial cells (at protein level). Expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, primary non-small cell lung cancer tumors and lung adenocarcinoma.
Quick Inquiry
Personal Email Detected
Please use an institutional or corporate email address for inquiries. Personal email accounts ( such as Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook) are not accepted. *
