Customize FAR7 Antibody

Description

Definition and Overview of FAR7 Antibody

The FAR7 antibody targets the FAR7 protein, a component of the Far3-7-8-9-10-11 (Far) complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This complex localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays a critical role in TORC2 signaling, which regulates cellular processes such as lipid biosynthesis, cell wall integrity, and stress response . FAR7 is part of a membrane-associated subcomplex (Far9/Far10/Far11) required for ER localization and stability of the Far complex .

Functional Role in TORC2 Signaling

FAR7 is essential for ER localization of the Far complex, which modulates TORC2 activity. Deletion of FAR7 disrupts:

Complex assembly: Loss of Far8-Far11 interaction .
TORC2 signaling: Impaired phosphorylation of downstream targets like Ypk1/2 kinases.

Experimental findings:

Deletion mutants (far7Δ) exhibit defective sphingolipid biosynthesis and cell wall stress responses .
Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirm FAR7’s role in bridging Far8 and Far9/Far10/Far11 (Fig. 6) .

Table 1: Yeast Strains and Phenotypes in Far Complex Studies

Strain Genotype	Observed Phenotype
far7Δ	Disrupted Far8-Far11 interaction
far7Δ far3Δ	Loss of core subcomplex stability
far7Δ far9Δ	ER mislocalization of Far complex

Table 2: Protein-Protein Interaction Network

Bait Protein	Prey Proteins Identified
Far9-myc	Far7, Far8, Far10, Far11
Far7-myc	Far3, Far8, Far9

Implications and Future Directions

FAR7’s role in TORC2 signaling highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diseases linked to lipid metabolism or ER stress. Current research focuses on:

Mechanistic insights: How Far complex dynamics regulate TORC2 substrate specificity.
Translational applications: Engineering FAR7-specific antibodies for modulating ER-associated signaling pathways.

Product Specs

Buffer

**Preservative:** 0.03% Proclin 300
**Constituents:** 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

FAR7 antibody; At5g22420 antibody; MWD9.22Putative fatty acyl-CoA reductase 7 antibody

Target Names

FAR7

Uniprot No.

Q9FMQ9

Q&A

FAQs for FAR7 Antibody Research

Advanced Research Questions

What strategies enhance FAR7 antibody effector functions (e.g., ADCC, ADCP) for therapeutic applications?

Fc engineering:
- FcγR optimization: Introduce mutations (e.g., GRLR or GAALIE variants) to enhance binding to activating FcγRs (e.g., FcγRIIIa) while minimizing inhibitory FcγRIIb engagement .
- Hexamerization: Mutations like T437R/K248E promote Fc–Fc interactions, improving receptor clustering .

Fc Modification	Functional Outcome	Therapeutic Impact
GAALIE variant	5x dose reduction in SARS-CoV-2 models	Improved tumor regression in Claudin18.2 xenografts
IgG2 isotype (h2B)	Compact Fab conformation	Enhanced CD40 agonism in T cells

How to validate FAR7 antibody specificity in complex biological matrices?
- Integrated approaches:
  - Immunoprecipitation-MS: Confirm target protein enrichment and exclude off-target binding .
  - Multiclonal validation: Use a recombinant multiclonal antibody panel to detect multiple epitopes .
  - In vivo models: Generate transgenic mice expressing humanized FAR7 to assess toxicity and specificity .

Data Contradiction Analysis

Conflicting reports on FAR7 expression levels in tumor vs. normal tissues: How to reconcile?
- Root cause analysis:
  - Antibody validation gaps: 30% of commercial antibodies fail in orthogonal assays (e.g., IHC vs. Western blot) .
  - Subtype specificity: FAR7 may be overexpressed only in mesenchymal/proliferative tumor subtypes (e.g., ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma) .
- Resolution workflow:
  1. Use RNA-seq data (e.g., TCGA) to correlate protein expression with transcriptional subtypes.
  2. Validate with KO cell lines and isotype controls in parallel assays .

Experimental Design for Therapeutic Development

How to optimize combination therapies using FAR7-targeted agents?

Synergy screening:
- Checkpoint inhibitors: Co-administer with anti-PD-1, as seen in Claudin18.2 models (4A7 + anti-mPD-1 achieved 80% tumor regression) .
- ADC payloads: Conjugate FAR7 antibodies to MMAE (e.g., F7-ADC induced tumor xenograft regression at 3 mg/kg) .

Combination	Mechanism	Outcome
FAR7-ADC + anti-PD-1	Immune activation + cytotoxic payload	Superior tumor growth inhibition vs. monotherapy
Fc-engineered FAR7 + CAR-T	Enhanced phagocytosis & T-cell recruitment	Proposed for low-antigen-density tumors

Computational & Structural Insights

How to predict FAR7 antibody-antigen binding interfaces for rational engineering?
- Tools:
  - Homology modeling: Use AbPredict or PIGS servers for Fv region modeling .
  - MD simulations: Refine docking predictions (e.g., STn-antibody interactions) .
- Case study: Anti-Claudin18.2 antibodies were optimized using confocal microscopy-guided epitope mapping .

Methodological Recommendations

For in vivo studies: Use FcγR-humanized models to evaluate Fc-dependent effector functions .
For high-throughput screening: Employ autocrine surface-display systems to identify rare clones with optimal activity .

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FAR7 Antibody