FAO3 Antibody
Description
Absence of "FAO3 Antibody" in Scientific Literature
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No indexed publications in PubMed, PMC, or EMBASE reference "FAO3" as a target antigen, antibody clone, or therapeutic candidate.
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The term does not align with established nomenclature for antibodies (e.g., CD nomenclature, INN/WINN classifications) or glycoproteins.
Potential Term Confusion
Several closely named entities exist but are unrelated to "FAO3":
Ana o 3 Antibody
Anti-Fc or Anti-Fab Antibodies
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Anti-Fc antibodies (e.g., rheumatoid factors) target the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of IgG, implicated in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis .
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Anti-Fab antibodies recognize the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and are linked to immune dysregulation in chronic infections .
FAO-Related Biomarkers
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FAO (Fatty Acid Oxidation): Source 6 identifies proteins associated with FAO (e.g., ApoE, ApoA4) in regulatory T cells, but no "FAO3" protein or antibody is cited.
Validation of Antibody Nomenclature
The International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system and WHO guidelines standardize antibody naming (e.g., suffix "-mab" for monoclonal antibodies) . Examples from current research:
Hypothetical Scenarios for "FAO3"
If "FAO3" refers to:
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A Novel Epitope: No experimental data or structural studies validate its existence.
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Typographical Error: Possible confusion with "Ana o 3" (cashew allergen) or "Fcα/μR" (Fc receptors).
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Proprietary Research: Unpublished/undisclosed projects would lack peer-reviewed validation.
Recommendations for Further Inquiry
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
Here’s a structured collection of FAQs tailored for researchers working with FAO3 antibodies, synthesized from peer-reviewed methodologies and experimental data:
How to validate FAO3 antibody specificity in immunoassays?
Methodological steps:
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Perform knockout/knockdown controls in target cell lines to confirm absence of off-target binding .
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Use blocking peptides (e.g., recombinant Ana o 3 antigen) to compete for antibody binding .
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Validate via orthogonal techniques (e.g., ELISA vs. western blot) to rule out assay-specific artifacts .
Data Table: Validation Parameters for FAO3 Antibodies
| Parameter | ELISA | Immunofluorescence |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal Dilution | 1:1000 | 1:500–1:1000 |
| Cross-reactivity | Species-specific | Subcellular localization |
| Negative Control | BSA-blocked wells | Knockout cell lines |
What protocols optimize FAO3 antibody performance in ELISA?
Key considerations:
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Fixation: Use 1% BSA/50% glycerol/PBS (pH 7.4) to stabilize antigen-antibody interactions .
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Antigen density: Ensure 400 ng/mL recombinant Ana o 3 for standard curve accuracy .
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Wash buffers: Include 0.05% Tween-20 to minimize nonspecific binding .
How to resolve discrepancies in FAO3 antibody binding affinities across assays?
Analytical framework:
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Compare structural contexts: Antibody-antigen interactions may vary between soluble (ELISA) and fixed (IF) states due to epitope accessibility .
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Quantify avidity effects: Multivalent binding in immunofluorescence amplifies signal vs. monovalent ELISA .
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Assess batch variability: Validate lot-to-lot consistency via SDS-PAGE (e.g., single heavy/light chain bands) .
What experimental designs mitigate Fcγ receptor-mediated artifacts in FAO3 applications?
Solutions for flow cytometry/cellular assays:
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Use REAfin™ Antibodies with engineered Fc regions to eliminate Fcγ binding .
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Pair with REA Control (S/I) antibodies to distinguish specific vs. nonspecific interactions .
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Optimize antibody concentration to 1–5 µg/ml, as higher concentrations increase off-target risks .
How does FAO3 antibody architecture influence cross-linking efficiency in degranulation assays?
Structural insights from nanobody studies:
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Spacer length: PEG linkers ≥6,000 Da enable optimal IgE cross-linking on effector cells (e.g., 19% β-hexosaminidase release at 100 µM) .
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Epitope geometry: Bivalent FAO3 formats (e.g., BiAns) improve immunocomplex stability vs. monovalent designs .
Data Table: Impact of Antibody Architecture on Cellular Activation
| Architecture | Spacer Length | Degranulation Efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Monovalent FAO3 | N/A | <5% β-hexosaminidase |
| Bivalent BiAn(600) | 6 nm | 6.3% ring-closed complexes |
| Bivalent BiAn(6000) | 12 nm | 19% activity at 100 µM |
How to interpret public CDR-H3 databases for FAO3 therapeutic development?
Guidelines from large-scale mining:
