At1g10895 Antibody

Definition and Biological Role of AT1R Antibodies

AT1R (Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1) antibodies are immunoglobulins targeting the angiotensin II receptor type 1, a G-protein-coupled receptor critical for cardiovascular homeostasis. These antibodies can act as agonists or allosteric modulators, influencing blood pressure, fibrosis, and immune responses .

Key Features:

Research Findings: Pathological and Therapeutic Roles

AT1R antibodies are implicated in systemic sclerosis (SSc), COVID-19, and cardiovascular diseases.

2.1. Autoimmune Pathologies

• Systemic Sclerosis (SSc): AT1R antibodies induce skin/lung fibrosis, endothelial apoptosis, and inflammation in murine models. These effects depend on CD4+ T cells and B cells .

  • Example: Monoclonal AT1R antibodies (e.g., mAT1R Ab) trigger perivascular infiltrates and collagen deposition in murine skin, mimicking SSc-like fibrosis .

• COVID-19: Elevated AT1R antibody titers (>17 U/mL) correlate with severe disease courses, though causality remains uncertain .

2.2. Therapeutic Applications

3.1. Isotype Diversity and Functional Implications

AT1R antibodies exhibit isotype-specific properties influencing binding affinity and effector functions:

Example: The AT1 Antibody (G-3) (IgG1 κ) detects AT1R in western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and immunofluorescence (IF) .

3.2. Validation and Cross-Reactivity

• Species Specificity: AT1R antibodies often cross-react with human, mouse, and rat AT1R isoforms (e.g., AT1R G-3 antibody) .

• Assay Optimization: Conjugation with HRP or fluorescent tags (e.g., FITC, Alexa Fluor®) enables multiplex detection in ELISA or flow cytometry .

4.1. Limitations in Antibody Development

• Variable Affinity: Allelic diversity in antibody constant regions (e.g., IGHG1, IGHG3) affects Fc receptor binding and serum persistence .

• Immunogenicity: Non-allotypic mutations in Fc regions may alter therapeutic efficacy or provoke anti-drug antibodies .

4.2. Emerging Strategies

• Glycoengineering: Modifying Fc glycans (e.g., afucosylation) enhances ADCC for cancer immunotherapy .

• Recombinant Antibodies: NeuroMab’s pipeline generates sequence-validated antibodies for brain research, ensuring reproducibility .