FCAR Antibody

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Description

Definition and Target

The FCAR antibody binds to CD89, a 50–100 kDa type I transmembrane receptor encoded by the FCAR gene on chromosome 19 . CD89 is part of the multichain immune recognition receptor (MIRR) family and plays a dual role in pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling depending on IgA binding state . The antibody specifically recognizes the extracellular domain of CD89, enabling its use in studying IgA-mediated immune responses .

CD89 Structure

CD89 contains:

  • Extracellular domain (ECD): Two C2-type Ig-like domains (EC1 and EC2) oriented at right angles

  • Transmembrane (TM) domain: 19 amino acids, interacting with the FcR γ-chain for signaling

  • Cytoplasmic domain: 41 amino acids, facilitating downstream signaling via ITAM motifs

CD89-Mediated Signaling

  • Inside-out signaling: Priming via intracellular signals enables CD89 to bind IgA

  • Outside-in signaling: Ligand binding triggers inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses, depending on IgA type (monomeric vs. polymeric)

  • FcR γ-chain dependency: Required for transport to late endosomes and sustained inflammatory signaling

FCAR Antibody Applications

  • Research: Investigating IgA-mediated immune responses in mucosal immunity and autoimmune diseases

  • Therapeutic potential: Engineering FCAR antibodies to modulate IgA signaling for conditions like cancer or inflammatory disorders

Key Research Findings

Study FocusFindingsCitation
CD89 signaling mechanismsSustained CD89 aggregation induces pro-inflammatory responses
Fc engineeringHigh-affinity Fc variants enhance therapeutic efficacy via FcγR interactions
Cross-species analysisNo ortholog exists in mice, complicating preclinical modeling
Neutrophil dynamicsCirculating neutrophils express FCAR, while tissue macrophages show downregulation

Current Challenges and Future Directions

  • Species-specificity: Lack of a murine ortholog limits in vivo studies

  • Therapeutic optimization: Balancing anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signals remains critical

  • Glycosylation variability: Impact of post-translational modifications on FCAR function is under investigation

References

  1. Wikipedia: FCAR

  2. Absolute Antibody: Antibody Structure

  3. Bio-Techne: Human/Cynomolgus Monkey FCAR/CD89 Antibody

  4. Nature: Fc domain engineering

  5. Bio-Techne: FCAR/CD89 Antibody (14A8)

Product Specs

Buffer
Storage Buffer: PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Lead Time
Product dispatch typically occurs within 1-3 business days of order receipt. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchasing method and location. Please contact your local distributor for precise delivery timelines.
Synonyms
FCAR; CD89; Immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor; IgA Fc receptor; CD antigen CD89
Target Names
FCAR
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
This antibody binds to the Fc region of alpha immunoglobulins. It mediates several key functions, including cytokine production.
Gene References Into Functions
  • FcalphaRI-induced cytokine production is mediated by upregulation of cytokine translation and caspase-1 activation, processes dependent on glycolytic reprogramming. PMID: 29491406
  • In transgenic mice, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis involves impaired clearance of abnormal IgA via CD89, primarily by Kupffer cells. Conditional IgAN progression in CD89 transgenic mice highlights key aspects of IgAN pathogenesis. PMID: 27437939
  • A novel Fcar splice variant (variant APD), lacking the IgA-binding EC1 domain, has been identified in a healthy volunteer. PMID: 28103138
  • Findings suggest the Fc receptor I for IgA (FcalphaRI) is a potential molecular target for lupus treatment. PMID: 25907714
  • FcalphaRI induces various forms of neutrophil death depending on the inflammatory microenvironment. PMID: 25339672
  • A study examined the expression of IL-4 mRNA, IFN-γ mRNA, and FcaRI mRNA in tonsillar mononuclear cells from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and non-IgAN patients. PMID: 24732061
  • FCAR polymorphism is not significantly associated with increased susceptibility to IgA nephropathy in Caucasian populations. PMID: 21750160
  • Abnormally glycosylated IgA1 and soluble CD89-IgA and IgA-IgG complexes, characteristic of primary IgA nephropathy, are also present in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID: 21866091
  • Genetic variation in the IgA receptor promoter region is associated with IgA nephropathy. PMID: 21273231
  • Results suggest a role for anti-FcaRI Fab as a negative regulator in controlling the magnitude of the innate immune response. PMID: 21985370
  • Glycosylation of the CH2/CH3 interface inhibits interaction with the pathogen IgA binding protein SSL7, while maintaining binding of pIgR, crucial for SIgA biosynthesis and transport. PMID: 21784854
  • Human mammary carcinoma cells are efficiently killed when incubated with human neutrophils and tumor-specific FcalphaRI bispecific antibodies or IgA antibodies. PMID: 21653835
  • The Fc(α)RI 844 A>G polymorphism is not associated with systemic sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. PMID: 21159834
  • FcalphaRI defines a function for pentraxins in inflammatory responses involving neutrophils and macrophages, highlighting the innate aspect of humoral immunity-associated antibody receptors. PMID: 21383176
  • Serum levels of sCD89-IgA complexes correlate with IgA nephropathy severity, suggesting a possible genetic component in regulating sCD89 production or expression. PMID: 20811333
  • FcalphaR endocytosis is clathrin- and dynamin-dependent, but not regulated by Rab5; the endocytic motif is not located in the cytoplasmic domain of FcalphaR. PMID: 19859085
  • CD89 circulates in a high molecular mass form, covalently linked to IgA, contributing to polymeric serum IgA formation. PMID: 11801662
  • Expression of the FcR splice isoform ΔEC2, but not Δ66EC2, is differentially regulated in a cell type-specific manner and in response to inflammatory and/or infectious processes. PMID: 12560105
  • The Fc alpha receptor 5'-flanking region (-102 to -64 relative to the ATG translation initiation codon) is essential for promoter activity and contains two functional binding motifs for C/EBP and Ets family members. PMID: 12594283
  • A bivalent, pH-dependent interaction exists between FcalphaRI and IgA, impacting cytokine-dependent IgA phagocytosis and FcalphaRI-mediated IgA degradation or recycling. PMID: 12634059
  • Crystal structures of human FcalphaRI alone and complexed with the Fc region of IgA1 (Fcalpha) have been determined. PMID: 12768205
  • Crystal structure of the human FcalphaRI ectodomain has been solved. PMID: 12783876
  • The expression pattern of CD89 and its signaling subunit, the FcR γ chain, has been characterized on circulating myeloid cells and in various tissues. PMID: 12791088
  • FcalphaRI expressed by interstitial-type dendritic cells may play a crucial role in sampling IgA-recognized antigens and during dendritic cell activation. PMID: 15371488
  • Group A and B streptococci produce virulence factors that block IgA binding to FcαRI, inhibiting IgA-mediated immunity. PMID: 16293625
  • Fc receptor gamma RI interacts with the immunoreceptors FcalphaRI and FcepsilonRI (FCalphaRI, also known as CD89). PMID: 16627486
  • GPVI utilizes different structural domains to interact with various agonists; different sites on GPVI represent potential targets for antagonist development. PMID: 16876821
  • On monomeric targeting, FcalphaRI functions as an FcRγ ITAM-dependent apoptotic module, potentially crucial for controlling inflammation and tumor growth. PMID: 16990604
  • Carriers of the 92Asn polymorphism in the myeloid IgA Fc receptor showed increased risk of myocardial infarction (CARE study) and increased odds of coronary heart disease (WOSCOPS study). PMID: 17008591
  • FCAR promoter SNPs may be linked to chronic HCV infection and disease progression in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 17033823
  • Fc alpha receptor type I activation mediates glomerulonephritis progression by initiating a cytokine/chemokine cascade that promotes leukocyte recruitment and kidney damage in transgenic mice. PMID: 17393381
  • Results suggest an endogenous mechanism down-regulating FcalphaR functionality in allergic environments where FcepsilonRI is co-expressed and extensively cross-linked on FcalphaR-expressing effector cells. PMID: 18700185
  • IgA:Fc(α)RI interactions induce neutrophil migration via leukotriene B4 release. PMID: 19555692
  • Pathogen selection by bacterial decoy proteins drives FcalphaRI and IgA-Fc co-evolution. PMID: 17548632
Database Links

HGNC: 3608

OMIM: 147045

KEGG: hsa:2204

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000347714

UniGene: Hs.659872

Subcellular Location
[Isoform A.1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform A.2]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform A.3]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform B]: Secreted.; [Isoform B-delta-S2]: Secreted.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform A.1, isoform A.2 and isoform A.3 are differentially expressed between blood and mucosal myeloid cells. Isoform A.1, isoform A.2 and isoform A.3 are expressed in monocytes. Isoform A.1 and isoform A.2 are expressed in alveolar macrophages; however

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