Antibodies, including the FECH Antibody, are Y-shaped glycoproteins composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. The Fab region (Fragment, antigen-binding) contains variable domains (VH and VL) responsible for binding to FECH's epitopes, while the Fc region (Fragment, crystallizable) interacts with Fc receptors on immune cells to mediate effector functions . The FECH Antibody's specificity is determined by its paratope, which recognizes conserved regions of the FECH enzyme .
Key Structural Features:
Fab Region: Contains complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that interact with FECH's active site or regulatory domains .
Fc Region: Engages with Fc receptors (e.g., FcγR) to activate immune responses or complement pathways .
The FECH Antibody is employed in:
Western Blotting (WB): Detects FECH expression in cellular lysates to study mitochondrial dysfunction .
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes FECH in tissue sections for diagnostic purposes (e.g., EPP) .
Flow Cytometry (FCM): Quantifies FECH levels in circulating cells or lysosomes .
Therapeutic Development: Emerging research explores Fc-engineered FECH antibodies to modulate heme metabolism in diseases like cancer .
Recent studies highlight the role of FECH Antibodies in:
Heme Metabolism: FECH inhibition via antibody binding has been explored to modulate tumor growth in cancer models, as cancer cells exhibit altered heme synthesis .
Fc Engineering: Mutations in the Fc region of therapeutic antibodies (e.g., GAALIE variant) enhance binding to activating Fcγ receptors, improving efficacy in viral clearance . This strategy could be adapted for FECH-targeted therapies.
Diagnostic Sensitivity: Polyclonal FECH antibodies (e.g., ARP41865_P050) demonstrate high specificity in detecting mitochondrial FECH in Western blotting .