FGF19 Antibody, HRP conjugated
Description
Introduction to FGF19 Antibodies with HRP Conjugation
FGF19 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 19) is a critical regulator of bile acid synthesis and glucose metabolism. HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase)-conjugated FGF19 antibodies are specialized tools used in immunodetection methods to amplify signal detection in applications like Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). These antibodies combine the specificity of FGF19 recognition with the enzymatic activity of HRP, enabling precise quantification or visualization of FGF19 in biological samples .
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
HRP-conjugated FGF19 antibodies are integral to sandwich ELISA systems, where they act as detection antibodies. For example:
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DiaPharma’s Human FGF-19 ELISA Kit uses a biotin-labeled detection antibody paired with streptavidin-HRP to detect FGF19 in serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants. The assay employs a 96-well plate coated with a polyclonal anti-FGF19 antibody, followed by HRP-mediated color development for quantification .
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Proteintech’s 84536-2-PBS is an unconjugated rabbit monoclonal antibody designed for conjugation with HRP or other tags, enabling customization for multiplex assays .
Western Blot (WB)
HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies are used to detect FGF19 primary antibodies. For instance:
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R&D Systems’ AF969 Antibody is a goat polyclonal antibody validated for WB. It detects FGF19 at ~22 kDa in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lysates when paired with HRP-conjugated anti-goat IgG .
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Abcam’s EPR29017-89, a rabbit monoclonal antibody, identifies FGF19 at 24 kDa in WB and 36 kDa in IHC (likely due to post-translational modifications) .
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
HRP-based detection is used to visualize FGF19 in tissue sections. Santa Cruz’s H-12 Antibody (mouse monoclonal) is available in HRP-conjugated forms for IHC-P, enabling localization of FGF19 in liver and intestinal tissues .
Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Studies highlight FGF19’s dual role in tumor progression and bile acid regulation. G1A8 and HS29, anti-FGF19 antibodies targeting the N-terminus, inhibit HCC growth without disrupting bile acid synthesis. While not directly HRP-conjugated, these antibodies’ efficacy in preclinical models underscores the therapeutic potential of FGF19 targeting .
Bile Acid Dysregulation in Alcoholic Hepatitis
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Elevated FGF19 serum levels correlate with bile acid accumulation and disease severity (e.g., MELD score) in alcoholic hepatitis. IHC studies using FGF19 antibodies (e.g., Cell Signaling’s antibody) reveal induced FGF19 expression in biliary epithelial cells, linking chronic liver injury to bile acid metabolism .
Metabolic Regulation
FGF19 suppresses CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase), a key enzyme in bile acid synthesis. HRP-conjugated antibodies enable precise quantification of FGF19 in metabolic studies, such as those using recombinant FGF19 to study glucose uptake in adipocytes .
Comparison of HRP-Conjugated FGF19 Antibodies
*Proteintech’s 84536-2-PBS is conjugation-ready but not pre-conjugated with HRP .
Challenges and Future Directions
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Specificity vs. Cross-Reactivity: Early anti-FGF19 antibodies caused bile acid-related side effects due to non-specific binding. Novel N-terminus-targeting antibodies (e.g., G1A8) avoid this by sparing FGF19’s physiological function .
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Sensitivity in Low-Expression Tissues: Weak expression of FGF19 in normal liver necessitates amplification techniques (e.g., HQ amplification system in IHC) .
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- A study demonstrated that FGF19 amplification is a genetic event in Chinese lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients, occurring in 37.5% of cases. These FGF19-amplified LSCC cells exhibit higher levels of FGF19 mRNA expression. Notably, downregulation of FGF19 expression resulted in significant cell killing effects both in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 28906590
- FGFR4/FGF19 autocrine signaling plays a crucial role in the survival of a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells. PMID: 27192118
- FGF19 copy number can increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alongside a complete response to sorafenib treatment. PMID: 27384874
- Research indicates that elevated FGF19 expression or hyperactivation of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in HCC cells is a primary mechanism contributing to sorafenib resistance. PMID: 28069043
- This study provides the first insight into the role of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in the development of HCC from fatty liver. PMID: 27447573
- High expression of FGF19 is associated with HCC. PMID: 26498355
- Findings suggest that FGF19 provides a cytoprotective role against ER stress by activating a FGFR4-GSK3beta-Nrf2 signaling cascade. This finding suggests targeting this signaling node as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC management. PMID: 28951455
- Fibroblast growth factor 19 levels in human portal blood are higher than in arterial blood. Fibroblast growth factor 19 is released by the portal-drained viscera under fasted steady-state conditions. PMID: 28003563
- Intestinal sensing of highly elevated levels of conjugated bile acids in blood promotes FGF15/FGF19 signaling, leading to a reduction in hepatic bile acid synthesis and modulation of bile acid transporters. PMID: 28498614
- Serum FGF19 and FGF21 levels, along with hepatic Klotho expression, are inversely associated with hepatic damage in children with NAFLD. PMID: 23840612
- Administering FGF19, or a suitable mimetic, as a pharmacological intervention to increase circulating FGF19 levels and suppress BA synthesis by inhibiting CYP7A1 gene expression could provide therapeutic benefits for many PBC patients. PMID: 28570655
- FGF19 amplification was validated in independent LSCC samples. Furthermore, FGF19 stimulated LSCC cell growth in vitro. These data suggest that FGF19 may act as a potential driver gene in LSCC, with clinic characteristics such as smoking. PMID: 26943773
- FGF19 has the ability to enhance migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells. PMID: 27053348
- Bile acid and FGF19 levels increased after Roux-en-Y bypass, but not after intensive medical management, in type 2 diabetic subjects who achieved similar improvements in glycemic control. PMID: 26259981
- FGF19 correlates with the severity of liver disease and could potentially serve as an indicator of chronic cholestatic liver injury. PMID: 26293907
- Research shows that FGF19 can be secreted and promotes ovarian cancer progression, such as proliferation and invasion, by activating FGFR4. PMID: 26323668
- Studies suggest that there are substantial mechanistic differences between humans and mice concerning the nuclear receptors that regulate the VitA-FGF15/19 axis. PMID: 26723851
- This research suggests a potential connection between gallbladder cholangiocyte-derived FGF19 and bile acid metabolism that could lead to metabolic dysregulation following cholecystectomy. PMID: 26256900
- This article discusses current knowledge about the complex biology of the endocrine FGFs. PMID: 26567701
- FGF-19 increment after OGL was positively associated with age and negatively associated with abnormal glucose regulation and statin treatment. PMID: 26343925
- KL methylation is a characteristic of many breast cancer cases. However, the resulting or associated perturbation in FGFR4 expression, similar to FGF19, could be utilized as a biomarker for poor prognosis. PMID: 26152288
- The pathogenesis of intestinal failure associated liver disease is uncertain. Therefore, this research investigated the role of FGF19 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease state. PMID: 25595885
- This review summarizes the altered expression of FGF19 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and HCC. However, limited information is available regarding the role of FGF19 in other liver diseases. PMID: 25547779
- In mice with humanized livers, the expression of an FGF19 transgene corrects bile acid signaling defects, leading to normalization of bile acid synthesis, the bile acid pool, and liver size. PMID: 26028580
- Data suggest that FGF19/FGF21 circulating levels and hepatic gene expression of the associated signaling pathway are significantly dysregulated in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 25664662
- This study describes a non-tumorigenic FGF19 variant, M70, which regulates bile acid metabolism and, through inhibition of bile acid synthesis/reduction of excess hepatic bile acid accumulation, protects mice from cholestatic liver injury. PMID: 25080475
- Obesity appears as the predominant determinant of abnormalities in FGF21 and FGF19 levels. Opposite changes in beta-Klotho expression in fat and liver indicate potential tissue-specific alterations in the responsiveness to endocrine FGFs in obesity. PMID: 24813368
- FGF19 levels were reduced in non-diabetic obese subjects compared to lean controls and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. PMID: 24841294
- Fibroblast growth factor 19 might be associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy by promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer. PMID: 25854696
- In HCC, FGF19 amplifications, known to activate Wnt signaling, were mutually exclusive with CTNNB1 and AXIN1 mutations and were significantly associated with cirrhosis. PMID: 24798001
- FGF19 expression is not associated with lymph node metastasis and locally invasive characteristics of the tumor in colorectal cancers. PMID: 23803094
- Reduced fibroblast growth factor 19 is a feature of bile acid diarrhea. PMID: 23981126
- [review] While FGF19 is a negative feedback regulator of bile acid metabolism and can circulate as a hormone, emerging evidence has shown its autocrine or exocrine function. PMID: 24827712
- FGF19 stimulates tumor progression by activating the STAT3 pathway. PMID: 24728076
- Reduced serum FGF19 levels could be involved in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus, while increased serum FGF21 levels could be a compensatory response to this disease. PMID: 24260557
- Quantification of FGF19 expression appears to provide valuable prognostic information in breast cancer. PMID: 24248542
- Fasting serum FGF19 levels were decreased in Chinese subjects with IFG and inversely associated with fasting glucose levels. PMID: 23628619
- These results suggest that SREBP-2 negatively regulates the FXR-mediated transcriptional activation of the FGF19 gene in human intestinal cells. PMID: 24321096
- Serum FGF19 is associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. PMID: 23940810
- The specificity of hFGF19 signaling is greatly altered in a mouse model system. PMID: 23064887
- FGF19 protein expression might be an effective predictor of early recurrence and a marker for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23456506
- FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19) serves as a novel target gene for activating transcription factor 4 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. PMID: 23205607
- A decrease in fasting FGF19 levels is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese adolescents. PMID: 23329754
- HNF4alpha and LRH-1 promote active transcription histone marks on the Cyp7a1 promoter that are reversed by FGF19 in a SHP-dependent manner. PMID: 23038264
- These results indicate that FGF19 is transcriptionally activated through multiple Farnesoid X receptor-responsive elements in the promoter region. PMID: 22561792
- Differential specificity of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1 and FGFR4 in complex with KLB. PMID: 22442730
- The FGF19 effect on APOA was attenuated by transfection of primary hepatocytes with siRNA against the FGF19 receptor 4 (FGFR4). PMID: 22267484
- Baseline serum FGF-19 levels are significantly lower in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and are at least partially dependent upon nutritional status, but not related to glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity parameters. PMID: 21574752
- Mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19 play key roles in enterohepatic signaling, regulation of liver bile acid biosynthesis, gallbladder motility, and metabolic homeostasis. PMID: 22396169
- FGF-19 levels are low in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. PMID: 22166511
