FLS1 Antibody

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Description

Introduction to FLS1 Antibody

The FLS1 Antibody (SKU: AT5G08640) is a primary antibody targeting Flavonol Synthase/Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase, an enzyme critical in flavonoid biosynthesis. This antibody is designed for research applications, particularly in studying plant metabolic pathways, enzymatic activity, and gene expression related to flavonol synthesis.

Target and Function

FLS1 catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols, a key step in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Flavonols are secondary metabolites with roles in plant defense, UV protection, and antioxidant activity. The antibody is likely used to detect FLS1 protein expression in plant tissues, enabling researchers to study:

  • Enzyme localization (e.g., in leaves, roots, or flowers).

  • Gene expression regulation under environmental stressors (e.g., UV light, pathogens).

  • Metabolic flux analysis in engineered or mutant plant lines.

Applications in Research

While specific research findings are not detailed in publicly available sources, the antibody’s utility can be inferred from its target’s biological role:

Application AreaPotential Use Case
Plant MetabolomicsQuantifying FLS1 protein levels in response to abiotic/biotic stressors.
Gene EditingValidating CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout or overexpression of FLS1 in plant models.
Flavonoid EngineeringTracking FLS1 activity in bioengineered crops with enhanced antioxidant production.

Current Availability and Future Directions

As of the latest available data, the FLS1 Antibody is temporarily out of stock but in production. Researchers are advised to contact the supplier (e.g., PhytoAb) for custom orders or updates. Potential future applications may include:

  • Epitope-specific studies to map FLS1’s catalytic domains.

  • Cross-reactivity testing with homologous enzymes in other plant species.

Limitations and Considerations

  • Research Gaps: No peer-reviewed studies or experimental data (e.g., Western blot, immunohistochemistry results) are publicly available for this antibody.

  • Target Specificity: Confirmation of cross-reactivity with non-target proteins is essential for experimental validation.

  • Technical Support: Researchers are encouraged to consult the supplier for protocols or troubleshooting.

Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% ProClin 300; Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
14-16 weeks (made-to-order)
Synonyms
FLS1 antibody; FLS antibody; At5g08640 antibody; MAH20.20Flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase antibody; EC 1.14.11.9 antibody; EC 1.14.20.6 antibody; FLS 1 antibody
Target Names
FLS1
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
This antibody targets Flavonol Synthase 1 (FLS1), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of flavonols from dihydroflavonols. Specifically, it converts dihydrokaempferol to kaempferol, dihydroquercetin to quercetin, and dihydromyricetin to myricetin. In vitro studies demonstrate its ability to catalyze the oxidation of both naringenin enantiomers, yielding both cis- and trans-dihydrokaempferol.
Gene References Into Functions
The role of FLS1 in flavonoid biosynthesis is supported by several studies: 1. A study using double mutant plants (pap1-D/fls1ko) demonstrated that blocking flavonol biosynthesis (via FLS1 knockout) in a PAP1 overexpression background further enhances anthocyanin accumulation. [PMID: 27562381] 2. Overexpression of FLS1 (FLS1-OX) resulted in a light brown seed coat color and altered flavonoid accumulation, with FLS1-OX seedlings exhibiting lower anthocyanin levels than wild-type plants. Conversely, fls1-3 mutants showed increased anthocyanin levels. [PMID: 26990404]
Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT5G08640

STRING: 3702.AT5G08640.1

UniGene: At.8771

Protein Families
Iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in young seedlings (at protein level). Expressed in roots, emerging leaves, shoot-root transition zone, trichomes, flowers and siliques. In cotyledons, expressed mostly on the adaxial side and only in guard cells on the abaxial side.

Q&A

Here’s a structured collection of FAQs for FLS1 antibody research, synthesized from interdisciplinary antibody research principles and methodologies:

Advanced Research Questions

How to resolve contradictory FLS1 localization data between IHC and Western blot?

Conduct systematic troubleshooting:

Discrepancy SourceDiagnostic ApproachResolution Strategy
Epitope AccessibilityLimited antigen retrieval in IHCTest multiple retrieval buffers (citrate vs. EDTA)
Post-Translational ModificationsPhos-tag/Western analysisUse modification-specific antibodies
Antibody Batch VariabilityParallel testing of multiple lotsEstablish internal reference standard

What computational strategies improve FLS1 antibody-antigen binding predictions?

Implement hybrid physics-ML approaches:

  • Force-guided diffusion sampling: Integrate molecular dynamics (MD)-derived energy terms into generative models:
    Etotal=wvdWEvdW+welecEelec+wMLEMLE_{\text{total}} = w_{\text{vdW}}E_{\text{vdW}} + w_{\text{elec}}E_{\text{elec}} + w_{\text{ML}}E_{\text{ML}}
    Where weights (ww) balance physical and learned potentials

  • Interface-focused docking: Use RosettaAntibody with FLS1 paratope constraints

  • Validate with SPR kinetics (konk_{\text{on}}, koffk_{\text{off}}) and HDX-MS epitope mapping

How to design a longitudinal study assessing FLS1 dynamics in chronic inflammation?

Adopt a multi-omics framework:

TimepointData LayerAnalytical Integration
BaselinescRNA-seqPseudotime trajectory analysis
6 MonthsCyTOF (30+ markers)Network correlation to FLS1+ subset
12 MonthsOlink ProteomicsLASSO regression for biomarker linkage

Methodological Innovation Challenges

What strategies mitigate batch effects in multi-center FLS1 studies?

Implement harmonized protocols:

  • Pre-analytical: Standardize fixation time (±15 mins) and temperature

  • Analytical: Use reference standards (e.g., HER2 IHC controls) across sites

  • Computational: Apply ComBat harmonization with variance stabilization:
    Xij=Xijμbatchσbatch×σglobal+μglobalX'_{ij} = \frac{X_{ij} - \mu_{\text{batch}}}{\sigma_{\text{batch}}} \times \sigma_{\text{global}} + \mu_{\text{global}}

How to validate FLS1 antibody performance in 3D organoid models?

Triangulate methods:

  • Light-sheet microscopy: Quantify penetration depth vs. signal integrity

  • Microfluidic wash optimization: Reduce background in dense matrices

  • Spatial transcriptomics co-registration: Confirm protein-RNA correlation at single-organoid level

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