FLS2 Antibody
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Description
Target and Reactivity
The FLS2 antibody specifically recognizes the FLS2 protein, a single-pass transmembrane leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase involved in detecting bacterial flagellin-derived peptides like flg22 . Confirmed reactivity includes Arabidopsis thaliana, while cross-reactivity is predicted for related species such as Capsella rubella, Glycine max, and Vitis vinifera .
| Parameter | ABIN4966167 (Source 8) | AS12 1857 (Sources 10,11) |
|---|---|---|
| Target | FLS2 | FLS2 |
| Reactivity | Arabidopsis thaliana | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Host | Rabbit | Rabbit |
| Clonality | Polyclonal | Polyclonal |
| Application | WB | WB |
| Immunogen | Peptide (Q9FL28) | Peptide (Q9FL28) |
Note: Both commercial antibodies share identical target specificity and immunogen design.
Molecular Weight and Detection
FLS2 exists in two forms:
-
175–180 kDa: Observed apparent weight in WB, likely due to glycosylation or post-translational modifications .
Antibodies detect the mature, functional FLS2 protein at the plasma membrane, distinguishing it from truncated isoforms (e.g., in Ws-0 accession) .
Western Blotting
The FLS2 antibody is optimized for WB at a 1:5000 dilution, enabling detection of FLS2 in plant extracts . Key applications include:
-
Protein expression analysis: Quantifying FLS2 levels during seedling development or pathogen challenge .
-
Post-translational modification studies: Investigating phosphorylation (e.g., Ser-938) or SUMOylation (e.g., Lys-1120) .
-
Subcellular localization: Tracking FLS2 internalization and degradation after flg22 treatment .
Specificity and Cross-Reactivity
| Species | Reactivity Status | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Confirmed | 8,10,11 |
| Capsella rubella | Predicted | 8,10,11 |
| Glycine max | Predicted | 8,10,11 |
| Hordeum vulgare | Predicted | 8,10,11 |
| Vitis vinifera | Predicted | 8,10,11 |
Note: Cross-reactivity with a 120 kDa unrelated protein has been reported in some extracts, emphasizing the need for stringent controls .
Optimal Dilution
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blot | 1:5000 |
Role in Immune Signaling
FLS2 antibodies have been pivotal in studying:
-
Phosphorylation dynamics: Ser-938 phosphorylation enhances FLS2 endocytosis and immune responses .
-
SUMOylation: Lys-1120 SUMOylation facilitates BIK1 dissociation and intracellular signaling .
-
Membrane nanodomain partitioning: Phosphorylated FLS2 associates with AtRem1.3-rich microdomains to amplify signaling .
Limitations and Considerations
Product Specs
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)
Synonyms
FLS2 antibody; At5g46330 antibody; MPL12.13 antibody; MPL12.8LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 antibody; EC 2.7.11.1 antibody; Protein FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 antibody; Protein FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 antibody
Target Names
FLS2
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
FLS2 (Flagellin Sensing 2) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PPR) that plays a crucial role in plant innate immunity. It specifically recognizes flagellin (flg22), a potent elicitor of defense responses triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Upon flagellin binding, FLS2 initiates the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade, involving MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5, and MPK3/MPK6, leading to enhanced resistance against pathogens. However, interaction with the effector AvrPto1 or the phosphatase hopD2 from Pseudomonas syringae can block this downstream immune response.
Gene References Into Functions
- LLG1 is constitutively associated with the PAMP receptor FLS2 and the elongation factor-Tu receptor. It forms a complex with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 in a ligand-dependent manner. This suggests that LLG1 serves as a key component of PAMP-recognition immune complexes. PMID: 28507137
- Combining two identified mutations into a single allele significantly enhanced FLS2-mediated responses to the Erwinia amylovora flagellin peptide in Arabidopsis. PMID: 27270917
- Research indicates that G proteins are directly coupled to the FLS2 receptor complex and regulate immune signaling through both pre-activation and post-activation mechanisms. PMID: 27043937
- MKKK7 negatively regulates FLS2 signaling and basal immunity. PMID: 26769563
- All tested variants of AVR3a suppress defense responses triggered by flg22 and reduce internalization of activated FLS2. Additionally, AVR3a associates with the Dynamin-Related Protein 2 (DRP2). PMID: 26348328
- Each investigated root tissue is capable of perceiving flg22 if FLS2 is present, highlighting that tissue identity is a crucial factor in MAMP (microbe-associated molecular patterns) perception in roots. PMID: 25627577
- A comprehensive tissue- and cell type-specific map of FLS2 expression has been established, correlating with prominent entry sites and target tissues of plant bacterial pathogens. PMID: 25205577
- Functionally redundant RXLR effectors from Phytophthora infestans act at different stages to suppress early flg22-triggered immunity. PMID: 24763622
- FLS2 complexes regulate the expression of AtCLCd, further supporting its role in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). PMID: 24449384
- Degradation of FLS2 plays a role in desensitizing Arabidopsis cells to bacterial flagellin or flg22 peptide. PMID: 24220680
- VPS37-1, and similarly VPS28-2, regulate late FLS2 endosomal sorting. This highlights the critical role of ESCRT-I in flg22-activated stomatal defenses involved in plant immunity. PMID: 24385929
- FLS2-BIK1 dissociation and FLS2-BAK1 association are insufficient for FLS2-mediated defense activation. However, the proposed FLS2 phosphorylation site Ser-938 and FLS2 kinase activity are required for overall defense activation and appropriate flg22-stimulated phosphorylation of BIK1 and its homologs. PMID: 23637603
- The structural mechanism of the FLS2-flg22 interaction and subsequent receptor-mediated signaling is reviewed. PMID: 23053766
- Research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying FLS2-BAK1 complex recognition of flg22 and sheds light on the activation of the immune receptor complex. PMID: 24114786
- FLS2 localizes to bona fide endosomes via two distinct endocytic trafficking routes depending on its activation status. PMID: 23085733
- FLS2 does not recognize CLV3, indicating that the shoot apical meristem is immune to bacteria independently of CLV3 perception. PMID: 22923673
- Findings suggest that ligand perception in FLS2 involves a complex molecular process that engages LRRs from both the outermost and innermost LRRs of the FLS2 ectodomain. PMID: 22634763
- FLS2 triggered activation of pathogenesis-related genes in Arabidopsis. PMID: 22080602
- FLS2 is a PRR that recognizes a portion of bacterial flagellin. It forms a PTI signaling complex, certain components of which are guarded by R proteins. PMID: 21726371
- FLS2 has functions beyond flagellin perception, including the detection of other microbe-associated molecular patterns. PMID: 21576467
- Flagellin Sensitive2 (FLS2) accumulation was reduced in etr1 and ein2 mutants, indicating a requirement for ethylene signaling in FLS2 expression. PMID: 20592040
- These findings highlight a particularly important role of FLS2-mediated resistance to coronatine-deficient mutant Pst DC3000 bacteria. PMID: 20457804
- FLS2 tolerated mild underglycosylation in stt3a mutants but was sensitive to severe underglycosylation induced by tunicamycin treatment. PMID: 20007973
- Research demonstrates that FLS2 constitutes the pattern-recognition receptor that determines the specificity of flagellin perception. PMID: 16377758
- Species-specific differences in flagellin perception abilities have been identified, leading to the identification of LeFLS2 as the flagellin receptor in Arabidopsis. PMID: 17530419
- Data suggest that the reduced mobility of FLS2 after binding flg22 and its existence in monomeric form are significant mechanistic features of FLS2 early signaling. PMID: 17925310
- It is proposed that both domains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 AvrPtoB collaborate to support the virulence of PtoDC3000 in Arabidopsis by eliminating FLS2 from the cell periphery. PMID: 19062288
Database Links
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitously expressed.
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