FLXL2 Antibody
Description
Role in Cancer Progression
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AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia): Elevated LOXL2 expression correlates with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration suppression (e.g., reduced CD8+ T cells and NK cells) .
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Serum LOXL2 levels >2.08 ng/mL post-antiviral therapy predict HCC development (HR: 2.939, 95% CI: 1.203–7.178) .
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Breast Cancer: LOXL2 silencing reduces tumor invasiveness and metastasis .
Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Disease
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Heart Failure: Serum LOXL2 levels >90–100 pg/mL distinguish heart failure patients from controls (88% specificity, 74% sensitivity) .
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Liver Fibrosis: LOXL2 mediates collagen cross-linking, serving as a biomarker for fibrosis severity .
Challenges and Mechanistic Insights
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Regulation by Proteases: Factor Xa (FXa) cleaves LOXL2 at Arg316/Lys317, altering substrate preference from collagen IV to collagen I and reducing ECM cross-linking activity .
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Antibody Specificity: Commercial LOXL2 antibodies (e.g., ab96233) detect both full-length (~105 kDa) and processed fragments (~65 kDa), requiring validation via knockout controls .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
Here’s a structured FAQ collection for FLXL2 Antibody research, organized by complexity and grounded in experimental methodology:
Advanced Experimental Design
How does FLXL2’s isotype influence functional outcomes in plant immunity studies?
FLXL2’s IgG isotype (assumed from Arabidopsis models) affects:
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Effector function: IgG1/IgG3 subtypes enhance phagocytosis and complement activation compared to IgG2/IgG4 .
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Stability: IgG subtypes vary in serum half-life; consider this for longitudinal studies .
Example: Reformatted anti-CTLA-4 antibodies showed enhanced anti-tumor activity when switched from IgG2b to IgG2a .
What strategies prevent cross-reactivity in multiplex assays with FLXL2 Antibody?
| Scenario | Solution |
|---|---|
| Same host species | Use primaries of different isotypes (e.g., IgG + IgM) and isotype-specific secondaries |
| Same isotype | Employ Fab fragment secondary antibodies or sequential staining |
How to troubleshoot nonspecific binding in FLXL2 experiments?
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Blocking: Use 5% BSA for phosphorylated targets or 5% normal serum for cell surface antigens .
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Isotype controls: Include a control antibody matching FLXL2’s subclass (e.g., Arabidopsis IgG) at the same concentration .
Data Interpretation & Optimization
How to resolve contradictions in FLXL2 localization data across studies?
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Fixation artifacts: Compare fresh-frozen vs. paraffin-embedded Arabidopsis samples.
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Epitope accessibility: Pre-treat tissues with enzymatic unmasking (e.g., proteinase K) .
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Quantitative validation: Pair immunofluorescence with FLXL2-GFP fusion constructs .
What metrics define FLXL2 Antibody specificity in Arabidopsis mutants?
Validate using:
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Knockout lines: Compare wild-type vs. FLXL2-deficient Arabidopsis.
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Competition assays: Pre-incubate antibody with recombinant FLXL2 protein (≥10-fold molar excess).
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Orthogonal methods: Correlate IHC results with RNA-seq or CRISPR-Cas9 knockout phenotypes .
Cross-Disciplinary Applications
Can FLXL2 Antibody be adapted for live-cell imaging?
Yes, with modifications:
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Use Alexa Fluor® conjugates with superior photostability (e.g., Alexa Fluor 647) .
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Reduce cytotoxicity by titrating antibody concentrations to ≤2 µg/ml in culture media .
