FMO1 Antibody

Definition and Biological Context

FMO1 Antibody refers to laboratory reagents specifically designed to detect and quantify Flavin-containing Monooxygenase 1 (FMO1), an enzyme encoded by the FMO1 gene. FMO1 catalyzes NADPH-dependent oxidation of xenobiotics (e.g., drugs, pesticides) and endogenous compounds, playing roles in detoxification, stress response, and systemic signaling . Unlike other isoforms (e.g., FMO3), FMO1 is predominantly expressed in fetal liver, kidney, and intestine, with minimal expression in adult liver .

Key Applications of FMO1 Antibody

FMO1 antibodies are critical tools for:

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizing FMO1 in tissues (e.g., renal distal tubules, hepatic perivenous regions) .

• Western Blotting (WB): Detecting FMO1 in microsomal fractions .

• Functional Studies: Investigating roles in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants , drug metabolism , and cancer progression .

• Metabolomics: Analyzing amino acid and energy metabolism pathways influenced by FMO1 .

Role in Disease and Stress Response

• Cancer: FMO1 is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and correlates with peritoneal metastasis (PM). High FMO1 expression predicts worse survival (HR = 1.112) .

• Oxidative Stress: Overexpression of FMO1 in HEK293A and HepG2 cells enhances resistance to paraquat and heavy metals .

• Plant Defense: In Arabidopsis, FMO1 regulates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by modulating salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) .

Developmental Regulation

• FMO1 is suppressed in human liver within 3 days postpartum, while FMO3 becomes dominant. Fetal liver expresses FMO1 at 14.4 ± 3.5 pmol/mg protein, compared to <1 pmol/mg in adult liver .

Metabolic Impact

• Untargeted metabolomics reveals FMO1 alters amino acid metabolism (e.g., glycine, serine) and energy pathways (e.g., NADPH, ATP) .

Technical Considerations

• Cross-Reactivity: Anti-FMO1 antibodies show species-specific reactivity. For example, Sigma-Aldrich’s HPA023680 works for humans but not mice .

• Degradation Risks: Intestinal microsomes exhibit proteolytic degradation of FMO1, requiring careful sample handling .

• Validation: Antibodies are validated via immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and knockout models (e.g., fmo1 mutants in plants) .

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential

• Biomarker: FMO1 is a candidate biomarker for GC metastasis and survival .

• Drug Design: Drugs metabolized by FMO1 may offer clinical advantages due to minimal enzyme induction/inhibition .