FOX5 Antibody

FOX-5 β-Lactamase

The term "FOX-5" appears in Source as a plasmid-mediated AmpC-type β-lactamase enzyme identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Key findings include:

• Function: Confers resistance to cephalosporins and cephamycins, with reduced susceptibility to clavulanic acid inhibition .

• Structure: Shares 96–97% amino acid identity with other FOX family β-lactamases .

• Mechanism: Encoded on a 125 kb plasmid adjacent to the insertion element ISAS2, enabling horizontal gene transfer .

Table 1: FOX-5 β-Lactamase Characteristics

Note: FOX-5 is an enzyme, not an antibody.

Antibody Research from Provided Sources

While "FOX5 Antibody" is not documented, several antibody-related studies are relevant:

Human-Derived Antibody Targeting Cancer (Source )

• Target: Complement factor H (CFH), a protein shielding cancer cells from immune attacks.

• Mechanism: Binds to CFH on tumor cells, disrupting immune evasion and triggering cell death .

• Key Findings:

  • Tested in lung, gastric, and breast cancer models.

  • Demonstrated tumor growth inhibition without significant toxicity .

COVID-19 Antibody Responses (Sources , , , )

• Neutralizing Antibodies:

  • Rapid Development: 40/44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients developed neutralizing antibodies within 6 days .

  • Durability: Studies suggest antibody levels may wane over 3–6 months .

• Clinical Relevance:

  • Severe Infections: IgA antibodies in adults correlated with cytokine storms and neutrophil activation .

  • Herd Immunity: Low antibody prevalence (<5%) in Spain’s population rendered herd immunity unachievable .

Table 2: COVID-19 Antibody Dynamics

ELISA Optimization (Source )

• Spike/Nucleoprotein Antibodies:

  • Detection Limits: LOD/LOQ calculated using 4PL regression (e.g., IgG: 3.3*(σ/slope)) .

  • Cut-Offs: ROC analysis prioritized specificity (mean ± 3SD) .

Antibody Structure (Sources , )

• Y-Shaped Design: Comprises heavy/light chains with variable (Fab) and constant (Fc) domains .

• Isotypes: IgG, IgM, IgA differ in structure, half-life, and effector functions .