FRL3 Antibody

Definition and Characteristics of FCRL3 Antibody

FCRL3 (Fc Receptor-Like 3) antibodies are specialized immunoglobulins targeting FCRL3, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the Fc receptor-like family. FCRL3 is expressed on mature B cells, memory B cells, NK cells, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells, playing roles in modulating B cell activation and apoptosis . These antibodies are critical for studying immune regulation, autoimmune diseases, and potential therapeutic interventions.

Key Features of FCRL3 Antibodies

• Target Specificity: Directly binds to extracellular domains of FCRL3, enabling detection in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot .

• Applications:

  • Immunophenotyping: Identifying FCRL3+ B cell subsets in autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) .

  • Therapeutic Monitoring: Assessing FCRL3 expression in CLL or other lymphoid malignancies .

  • Research Tools: Enabling functional studies of FCRL3 in B cell signaling and autoimmune responses .

Genetic and Clinical Associations of FCRL3 Antibodies

FCRL3 polymorphisms are strongly linked to autoimmune diseases. A notable example is the rs2317230 variant in the FCRL3 promoter, which enhances transcription and associates with ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) .

Table 1: Association of FCRL3 rs2317230 Polymorphisms with ACPA-Positive RA

Data from codominant inheritance model . Statistically significant results marked with asterisks.

This polymorphism demonstrates FCRL3’s dual role in disease susceptibility and progression, making FCRL3 antibodies indispensable for stratifying RA patients and monitoring therapeutic responses .

Therapeutic and Research Applications of FCRL3 Antibodies

FCRL3 antibodies are pivotal in both clinical diagnostics and preclinical research.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools

• Flow Cytometry: FITC-conjugated FCRL3 antibodies (e.g., #APR-034-F) enable live-cell analysis of FCRL3 expression on platelets or immune cells .

• Immunohistochemistry: Identifies FCRL3+ B cell populations in lymphoid tissues, aiding in CLL diagnosis .

Research Insights

• Autoimmune Pathogenesis: FCRL3 antibodies have elucidated the protein’s inhibitory role in B cell receptor signaling via ITIM motifs, countering autoimmune responses .

• Antibody Characterization: Initiatives like NeuroMab prioritize rigorous validation of FCRL3 antibodies in Western blot and immunofluorescence to ensure specificity .

Antibody Development and Validation Challenges

FCRL3 antibodies face challenges in cross-reactivity and specificity. For example:

• Cross-Reactivity: Some antibodies show <5% reactivity with FCRL2 or FCRL5, requiring strict validation .

• Recombinant vs. Monoclonal: Recombinant antibodies often outperform monoclonal variants in assays, necessitating sequence transparency and open-access repositories .