GAPB Antibody
Description
Introduction to GAPB Antibody
GAPB Antibody refers to immunoglobulins specifically targeting the GapB protein, a surface antigen of Staphylococcus aureus implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. These antibodies are critical in neutralizing pathogenic mechanisms, particularly in veterinary contexts like bovine mastitis, where S. aureus causes significant economic losses .
Antibody Architecture
GAPB Antibody follows the canonical immunoglobulin structure:
-
Variable regions: Contain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that directly bind the GapB epitope. These regions exhibit high sequence diversity, enabling precise antigen recognition .
-
Framework regions: Stabilize the CDRs and influence antibody affinity. Non-CDR residues may contribute to binding energy .
-
Constant regions: Mediate effector functions (e.g., Fc receptor interactions), though hinge modifications (e.g., IgG4’s Fab-arm exchange) can alter stability and functionality .
Epitope Specificity
GapB is part of a chimeric protein (GapC/B) used in vaccine studies. The antibody’s paratope binds conformational or discontinuous epitopes on GapB, leveraging interactions such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts .
Immunization Strategies
| Approach | Humoral Response | Cell-Mediated Response | Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA vaccination alone | Low | Barely detectable | Poor |
| DNA + Protein boost | Significant | Enhanced | High |
Data sourced from DNA-protein immunization studies against GapB/C in bovine mastitis .
Key Observations
-
DNA Vaccination Limitations: Alone, DNA encoding GapB/C failed to elicit robust immune responses, highlighting the need for protein-based boosting .
-
Boosting Synergy: Recombinant GapC/B protein administration post-DNA vaccination induced high-affinity antibodies, suggesting a role for GAPB Antibody in enhancing vaccine efficacy .
-
Antigenic Diversity: S. aureus exhibits antigenic variability, necessitating multi-epitope targeting strategies to avoid immune evasion .
Veterinary Applications
GAPB Antibody is pivotal in combating S. aureus-mediated bovine mastitis. It neutralizes bacterial adhesion and invasion, reducing tissue damage .
Challenges
-
Antigenic Diversity: S. aureus strains may evade antibody recognition through surface protein mutations .
-
Immunization Complexity: DNA-protein combinations require precise timing and delivery for optimal efficacy .
-
Cross-Reactivity: Non-specific binding to host proteins (e.g., GAP43, a neuronal marker ) must be minimized to avoid off-target effects.
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4
