GALS3 Antibody

GALS3 Antibody: Definition and Types

GALS3 antibodies are immunoglobulins designed to bind and inhibit Galectin-3. Key types include:

Key Features:

• MAB11541: Detects human Gal-3 in ELISA and Western blot (28–38 kDa band) with no cross-reactivity to other galectins .

• 14D11: High-affinity mAb blocking Gal-3-MUC16 interaction, reducing cancer cell invasion .

• ab209344: Rabbit recombinant mAb validated via knockout (KO) cell lines, suitable for IP and ICC .

Therapeutic Applications

GALS3 antibodies show efficacy in preclinical models of fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.

2.1. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)

In a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced SSc mouse model, D11 and E07 mAbs reduced:

• Skin thickening by 40% and lung collagen deposition by 30% .

• Cytokine levels: IL-5 (↓45%) and IL-6 (↓35%) .

• Pulmonary macrophages and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) .

2.2. Cancer

14D11 mAb demonstrated:

• Inhibited invasion: Matrigel invasion ↓ in SKOV3 (ovarian) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cells .

• Blocked signaling: Reduced AKT/ERK1/2 phosphorylation .

• Metastasis suppression: Prolonged survival in murine models of lung metastasis .

2.3. IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD)

Anti-Gal-3 IgG4 autoantibodies correlate with:

• Elevated plasma Gal-3 levels and lymphadenopathy .

• Disease biomarker potential: Linked to total IgG and IgG4 elevation .

Mechanisms of Action

GALS3 antibodies disrupt Gal-3’s proinflammatory and profibrotic roles:

4.1. Biomarker Utility

Gal-3 serum levels correlate with:

• SSc severity: High levels linked to pulmonary/cardiac dysfunction .

• Prognosis: Independent predictor of mortality in SSc .

• Cancer: Elevated in MUC16+ tumors (e.g., ovarian, breast) .

4.2. Limitations

• Cross-reactivity: Early pAbs (e.g., AF1154) may bind non-specific epitopes .

• Tissue penetration: Systemic delivery challenges in fibrotic organs .

• Isotype dependency: IgG4 subclass dominance in IgG4-RD complicates targeting .

Future Directions

1. Humanized mAbs: Transitioning murine antibodies (e.g., 14D11) to human-compatible formats.

2. Combination therapies: Pairing Gal-3 inhibitors with antifibrotics (e.g., pirfenidone) .

3. Personalized medicine: Stratifying SSc/IgG4-RD patients based on Gal-3 interactome signatures .