GBA Antibody, Biotin conjugated

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Description

Definition and Mechanism of Action

A GBA antibody conjugated to biotin is a recombinant or polyclonal/monoclonal antibody chemically linked to biotin, a small molecule with high affinity for streptavidin or avidin. This conjugation enables detection in assays such as Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). GBA (glucosidase, beta, acid) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glucosylceramide, and its deficiency is linked to Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .

Biotin-conjugated GBA antibodies enhance sensitivity by leveraging the biotin-streptavidin interaction, which amplifies signals in immunodetection systems. For example, in indirect detection assays, primary antibodies bind antigens, and biotinylated secondary antibodies bind to streptavidin-HRP or fluorescent probes for visualization .

Applications in Research and Diagnostics

Biotin-conjugated GBA antibodies are utilized across multiple experimental platforms:

ApplicationPurposeKey Advantages
Western BlottingDetect GBA protein levels in lysates or purified samples.Quantitative assessment of GBA expression .
ImmunohistochemistryLocalize GBA in tissue sections (e.g., brain, kidney).Spatial resolution for cellular distribution .
ELISAQuantify GBA in biological fluids (serum, CSF).High-throughput screening for biomarker studies .
ImmunoprecipitationIsolate GBA for interaction studies or activity assays.Identifies binding partners (e.g., LIMP2) .
AlphaLISAMeasure GBA levels in homogeneous assays for therapeutic monitoring.High sensitivity and dynamic range .

Antibody Specificity and Utility

Recent studies highlight the importance of antibody specificity in GBA research:

  • hGCase-1/17 and hGCase-1/23 (mouse monoclonal): Excellent for immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation in GBA1 knockout models but limited utility in Western blotting for endogenous GBA detection .

  • EPR5143(3) (rabbit monoclonal, Abcam): Reliable for detecting endogenous GBA in Western blot and immunoprecipitation .

  • 2E2 (mouse monoclonal, Abcam): Recognizes overexpressed GBA but struggles with endogenous levels in traditional Western blotting .

Clinical Relevance

GBA deficiency exacerbates α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease. Biotin-conjugated antibodies are critical for studying:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in GBA-deficient neurons .

  • Therapeutic responses to enzyme replacement or gene therapy (e.g., AAV5-hGBA) .

Limitations and Considerations

  1. Western Blot Challenges:

    • Many biotin-conjugated antibodies fail to detect endogenous GBA due to low abundance or epitope masking .

    • Automated capillary WB systems may improve sensitivity over traditional methods .

  2. Epitope Dependency:

    • Antibodies raised against recombinant GBA (e.g., imiglucerase) may recognize denatured epitopes, limiting utility in native conformation assays .

  3. Cross-Reactivity:

    • Verify species specificity, as GBA is conserved across mammals (e.g., human, mouse, rat) .

Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your order within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery times may vary depending on the shipping method and destination. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery details.
Synonyms
Acid beta glucosidase antibody; Acid beta-glucosidase antibody; Alglucerase antibody; Beta glucocerebrosidase antibody; BETA GLUCOSIDASE, ACID antibody; Beta-glucocerebrosidase antibody; betaGC antibody; D glucosyl N acylsphingosine glucohydrolase antibody; D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase antibody; EC 3.2.1.45 antibody; GBA antibody; Gba protein antibody; GBA1 antibody; GC antibody; GCase antibody; GCB antibody; GLCM_HUMAN antibody; GLUC antibody; Glucocerebrosidase (alt.) antibody; Glucocerebrosidase antibody; GLUCOCEREBROSIDASE PSEUDOGENE antibody; Glucosidase beta antibody; Glucosidase, beta, acid antibody; Glucosidase, beta, acid (includes glucosylceramidase) antibody; Glucosylceramidase antibody; Imiglucerase antibody; Lysosomal glucocerebrosidase antibody; OTTHUMP00000033992 antibody; OTTHUMP00000033993 antibody
Target Names
GBA
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
Glucosylceramidase, a lysosomal enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) into free ceramide and glucose. This process is fundamental for the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes. Through the production of ceramides, Glucosylceramidase participates in the PKC-activated salvage pathway of ceramide formation. It also plays a role in cholesterol metabolism, potentially catalyzing the glucosylation of cholesterol via a transglucosylation reaction that transfers glucose from glucosylceramide to cholesterol. Short chain saturated C8:0-GlcCer and the mono-unsaturated C18:0-GlcCer are the most effective glucose donors for this transglucosylation reaction. Under specific conditions, Glucosylceramidase may catalyze the reverse reaction, transferring glucose from cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to ceramide. Lastly, it can also hydrolyze cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside to produce D-glucose and cholesterol.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. Chinese type 2 Gaucher disease patients exhibit a similar phenotype to other ethnic groups and demonstrate a high prevalence of the c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro) mutation and recombination alleles. PMID: 29934114
  2. The binding affinities of a-1-C-alkyl 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) derivatives, which act as pharmacological chaperones for beta-glucocerebrosidase, exhibited a significant increase with elongation of their alkyl chain. This study delved into the primary reasons for this increase in binding affinity using protein-ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations. PMID: 30340368
  3. Variations in the POLG1 CAG repeat length and the GBA p.L444P variant have been associated with Parkinson's disease in the Finnish population. PMID: 29029963
  4. The GBA variant E326K may be fully responsible for the primary association signal observed at chromosome 1q22 in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Parkinson's disease. PMID: 28830825
  5. Lipid dyshomeostasis caused by GBA1 deficiency leads to decreased alpha-synuclein tetramers and increased alpha-synuclein monomers. These changes may provide the building blocks for phospho-Ser129-positive aggregates in GBA1-Parkinson's disease induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons. PMID: 29311330
  6. This study observed that 10 out of 13 Parkinson's disease parents carried a severe mutation, while only 3 out of 10 carried a mild mutation (binomial test P < 0.05). Using an unbiased methodology, this study indicated that carriers of severe GBA mutations are at a higher risk for Parkinson's disease compared to carriers of mild mutations. PMID: 27864021
  7. The mutation spectrum of GBA displays ethnic and regional variations in Asian patients. L444P is the most frequent mutation, accounting for 47.7% in southern Chinese patients. The L444P homozygote genotype was associated with severe type 1 Gaucher disease. PMID: 27865684
  8. This research revealed the activation of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in different cell types derived from Gaucher disease patients, highlighting the generality of this process in the disease. The study also showed that the UPR-regulated CHOP transcription factor induces transcription of the GBA1 gene. PMID: 27856178
  9. The aims of this study were to validate the P338-X1 GBA kit (MRC-Holland) for Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and to detect large deletions and/or duplications in GBA1 in Gaucher disease (GD) patients from Southern Brazil. Although larger deletions/duplications do not seem to be frequent in GD, the P338-X1 GBA kit for MLPA appears to be a suitable method for GBA1 analysis. PMID: 27825739
  10. The data from this study suggest that the prominent cognitive impairment in Glucocerebrosidase (GBA)-associated Parkinson disease is not primarily linked to specific Abeta and Tau profiles in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID: 29094781
  11. This research demonstrated that GBA status appears to be a crucial predictor for non-motor symptom disease progression after deep brain stimulation surgery. PMID: 28777757
  12. The findings of this study support a connection between the loss of beta-glucocerebrosidase-1 function, cholesterol accumulation, and the disruption of cellular homeostasis in GBA1-PD. PMID: 28779532
  13. A comparative analysis of motor and non-motor features in LRRK2 and GBA mutation carriers and non-carriers was conducted in a cohort from Brazil, a country with a highly mixed population. Consistent with other studies, the results indicate that mutations in GBA and LRRK2 influence the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease, with significant implications for managing specific patient groups. PMID: 28991672
  14. This study indicated that lysosomal defects associated with GBA are linked to familial Parkinson's disease. PMID: 28894968
  15. In longitudinally assessed, autopsied Parkinson disease cases, those with GBA mutations had a younger age at death, but there was no evidence for clinical or neuropathological differences compared to cases without GBA mutations. PMID: 28834018
  16. Low Glucosylceramidase serum levels are associated with Gaucher disease. PMID: 28356566
  17. These findings highlight the critical role of GBA1 in mediating enhanced self-consumption of intracellular components and endomembranes, leading to autophagic cell death. PMID: 28574511
  18. This study examined the effect of heterozygous mutation status on 736 community-dwelling older adults without dementia or Parkinson's disease over an average of 6 years, 28 of whom had a single GBA mutation (primarily N370S). Carriers showed greater decline in verbal memory over time. The results suggest an effect, but an overall limited burden, of harboring a single GBA mutation in aging mutation carriers. PMID: 28728889
  19. This study investigated the dose effect of mutations in the GBA gene on Parkinson's disease phenotype. The severity of Parkinson's disease phenotype is related to the burden of GBA mutations, with Gaucher disease-Parkinson's disease patients exhibiting a more severe phenotype. PMID: 28012950
  20. This research demonstrated that GBA genetic variants are associated with the risk of incident Parkinson's disease in the general population and with impairment in daily functioning in individuals without clinical parkinsonism. PMID: 27269966
  21. This study showed that GBA L444P and SNCA Rep-1 were also associated with depression in Parkinson's disease. PMID: 27745782
  22. Parkinson's disease is associated with mutations in GBA. Ashkenazi Jews GBA carriers were diagnosed at a significantly earlier age compared to noncarriers. PMID: 27449028
  23. GBA mutations are also a significant risk factor for DLB development in the Spanish population. They are associated with earlier disease onset and are more prevalent in men. PMID: 27027900
  24. These results demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of MLPA in detecting GBA deletions and recombinations. PMID: 27802905
  25. A novel function for glucocerebrosidase as a regulator of sterylglucoside metabolism has been summarized. (Review) PMID: 28596107
  26. Mutant GBA proteins cause increases in alpha-synuclein levels, while an inhibition of GBA by alpha-synuclein has also been demonstrated in Gaucher disease patients with Parkinson disease. (Review) PMID: 26965692
  27. GBA mutations as risk factors for PD and point to lysosomal dysfunction as a mechanism contributing to PD etiology. PMID: 27255555
  28. Parkinson patients who carry mutations in the GBA gene demonstrate more significant cognitive decline compared to idiopathic parkinson patients. PMID: 27401793
  29. Mesenchymal stem cells with reduced GBA activity are prone to apoptosis and senescence due to impaired autophagy and DNA repair capacity. PMID: 28098348
  30. Local lysosomal conditions may be even more critical for some mutant lysosomal hydrolases, e.g., for mutant GBA1. In Niemann-Pick disease type C, characterized by primary cholesterol storage, secondary GlcCer accumulation could be triggered by secondary SM accumulation. PMID: 28126847
  31. This review discusses the GBA1 gene, its role in Gaucher disease, and its link with Parkinson disease. PMID: 26860875
  32. The decreased enzymatic activity of lysosomal hydrolases in GBA mutation carriers may contribute to Parkinson disease pathogenesis by increasing the level of neurotoxic oligomeric alpha-synuclein species. PMID: 27780739
  33. This study highlighted the significant contribution of GBA (L444P and N370S) mutations to parkinsonism in Brazilian families. PMID: 27777137
  34. In a Flanders-Belgian cohort, carrier status of a heterozygous glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutation was a strong genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The GBA mutation frequency of 4.5% is comparable to previously reported data in other European PD patient cohorts. PMID: 27397011
  35. Rab7 accumulated in GCase deficient cells, supporting the idea that lysosomal recycling is impaired. Since recombinant GCase can reverse this impairment, strategies to restore GCase activity in the brains of both sporadic patients with PD and those with GBA1 mutations are expected to improve the autophagy lysosomal pathway, preventing the accumulation of a-synuclein and the spread of pathology. PMID: 27378698
  36. The course of motor and non-motor symptoms, as well as treatment-related motor complications, could be influenced by GBA variants. PMID: 28030538
  37. The anti-enterovirus 71 activity of GBA1 was bimodal: endogenous GBA1 restricted cell surface expression levels of scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2), also known as lysosomal integral membrane protein 2 (LIMP-2), and exogenous recombinant GBA1 interfered with enterovirus 71 to interact with SCARB2 outside the cell. PMID: 28141506
  38. This study identified significant associations of the GBA L444P mutation and DYRK1A rs8126696 T allele with earlier age at onset (AAO) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and the A allele at MS4A6A rs610932 with delayed AAO of PD. PMID: 27085534
  39. Results suggest that GBA1 mutations confer greater risk of neuropsychiatric morbidity in Parkinson disease, and that sex may affect this association. PMID: 27772789
  40. Although a common ancestry among Southern Italian and Swedish Norrbottnian GD patients could not be investigated, the beta glucosidase genotype [L444P]+[L444P] is the most frequently encountered in Southern Italy. PMID: 28003644
  41. Mutations in the GBA gene pathogenic for neuropathic GD and complex alleles accelerate longitudinal cognitive decline in PD. PMID: 27717005
  42. In the clinical continuum between PD and DLB, patients with GBA mutations appear to be situated midway, with carriers of severe mutations closer to DLB than to idiopathic PD. PMID: 27632223
  43. GBA variants predict more rapid progression of cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's. PMID: 27571329
  44. Mutations in the GBA gene were associated with more severe motor and cognitive dysfunction, supporting a specific contribution of the GBA gene or lysosome function in Lewy body disease among Ashkenazi Jews. PMID: 27723861
  45. GBA enzyme activity in Parkinson disease patients was lower in GBA mutation carriers vs. non-GBA carriers. PMID: 26857292
  46. The combination of chemotherapy drugs with beta-glucosidase 1 inhibitors sensitized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to chemotherapy. Our data support beta-glucosidase 1 as a HCC biomarker due to its prognostic significance. PMID: 26849828
  47. This study supported the notion that GBA mutations are a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in the European population. PMID: 26868973
  48. The clinical phenotype of GBA-associated neurodegenerative disease is more heterogeneous than previously assumed, encompassing phenotypes not typically associated with underlying alpha-synucleinopathies. PMID: 26549049
  49. There has been a surge in research investigating the role of glucocerebrosidase in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. This necessitates a comprehensive review of the current cell biological processes and pathological pictures involving Parkinson's disease associated with GBA mutations. PMID: 26743617
  50. GBA mutations were found to be a common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease in Eastern Canadian patients. PMID: 26000814

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Database Links

HGNC: 4177

OMIM: 168600

KEGG: hsa:2629

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000314508

UniGene: Hs.282997

Involvement In Disease
Gaucher disease (GD); Gaucher disease 1 (GD1); Gaucher disease 2 (GD2); Gaucher disease 3 (GD3); Gaucher disease 3C (GD3C); Gaucher disease perinatal lethal (GDPL); Parkinson disease (PARK)
Protein Families
Glycosyl hydrolase 30 family
Subcellular Location
Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side.

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