TPS13 Antibody
Description
Definition and Biological Significance
The PTPN13 Antibody is a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody designed to detect and quantify the PTPN13 protein, a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase. PTPN13 regulates cellular processes by removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues, influencing pathways like apoptosis, cell migration, and tumor suppression . Genetic aberrations in PTPN13 are linked to cancers, including colorectal, hepatocellular, and breast cancers .
Functional Role in Cellular Processes
PTPN13 modulates key pathways:
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Apoptosis Regulation: Inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis by preventing CD95 receptor trafficking to the cell surface .
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Cell Motility: Silencing PTPN13 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells reduces migration and invasiveness .
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Cancer Resistance: Elevated PTPN13 levels correlate with chemotherapy resistance in multiple cancers .
Key Studies
Mechanistic Insights
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Fas Resistance: PTPN13 binds Fas receptor, blocking apoptosis signaling .
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Therapeutic Target: Inhibiting PTPN13 enhances chemosensitivity in preclinical models .
Experimental Uses
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Western Blotting: Detects endogenous PTPN13 in human cell lysates (e.g., HeLa) .
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes PTPN13 in tumor tissues.
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Functional Assays: Evaluates phosphatase activity in kinase signaling pathways .
Therapeutic Development
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Recombinant Antibodies: Engineered for high specificity and reduced immunogenicity in in vivo models .
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Bispecific Formats: Explored for targeting PTPN13-positive cancers .
Table 1: PTPN13 Antibody Characteristics
| Parameter | Detail |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 260 kDa |
| Host Species | Goat, Rabbit |
| Applications | WB, IHC, Functional Assays |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C to -70°C; avoid freeze-thaw cycles |
Table 2: Clinical Correlations of PTPN13 Expression
| Cancer Type | PTPN13 Role | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer | Promotes migration/invasiveness | Poor prognosis |
| Colorectal Cancer | Mutations drive metastasis | Reduced survival |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Overexpression inhibits apoptosis | Chemoresistance |
Future Directions
Product Specs
Composition: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4
Target Background
KEGG: ath:AT4G13300
STRING: 3702.AT4G13300.1
Q&A
FAQs for ADAMTS13 Antibody Research
Advanced Research Questions
How do epitope-specific anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies influence protease function?
Epitope mapping using synthetic peptide libraries reveals:
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Primary targets: Metalloprotease (MP), cysteine-rich (CR), and spacer domains (100% of samples) .
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Secondary targets: Disintegrin-like domain (58% of samples) .
Antibodies binding to the MP domain directly block enzymatic activity, while CR/spacer domain antibodies disrupt substrate binding .
Experimental Design: For epitope characterization:
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Purify IgG using Protein G spin columns.
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Incubate with domain-specific recombinant ADAMTS13 fragments.
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Assess binding via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or competitive ELISA .
How can molecular cloning of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies advance therapeutic development?
Phage display libraries derived from TTP patients enable isolation of monoclonal anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies . Key steps:
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Amplify antibody variable regions from patient B cells.
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Clone into phage vectors for expression.
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Screen clones for ADAMTS13 inhibition using FRETS-VWF73 assay .
Applications:
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Identify dominant clonal lineages driving pathogenesis.
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Develop anti-idiotypic antibodies to neutralize pathogenic clones .
How should researchers address contradictory data on antibody inhibitory activity?
Discrepancies arise when non-inhibitory antibodies coexist with inhibitory ones. Strategies include:
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Fractionation: Separate IgG subpopulations via size-exclusion chromatography.
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Domain-specific assays: Test antibody effects on isolated ADAMTS13 domains (e.g., MP vs. spacer) .
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Longitudinal studies: Track antibody titres and epitope spread during relapse .
Example Contradiction: 17/53 HIV-TTP samples had non-inhibitory antibodies despite low ADAMTS13 activity . Potential explanations include:
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Non-neutralizing antibodies promoting clearance.
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Epitopes outside critical functional domains.
What is the relationship between anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies and immune dysregulation in HIV?
HIV-associated TTP involves CD4+ T-cell depletion (<200 cells/μL), which may break immune tolerance. Autoantibodies correlate with:
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Elevated IgM/IgA titres (indicative of polyclonal B-cell activation).
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Cross-reactivity between HIV glycoproteins and ADAMTS13 epitopes .
Methodological Recommendation:
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Measure CD4+ counts and viral load alongside autoantibody profiling.
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Use flow cytometry to assess B-cell subsets (e.g., memory vs. plasma cells) .
How do non-IgG antibodies (e.g., IgM/IgA) contribute to ADAMTS13 deficiency?
While IgG is the primary inhibitor, IgM/IgA may:
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Form immune complexes that accelerate ADAMTS13 clearance.
Analytical Approach:
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Perform immunoglobulin-class-specific ELISAs.
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Use size-exclusion chromatography to isolate immune complexes.
