GCSF Monkey
Description
Mechanisms of Action in Primate Hematopoiesis
GCSF Monkey binds to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptors (G-CSFR) to regulate myeloid lineage differentiation ( ). Key findings from primate studies include:
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Neutrophil Mobilization: Subcutaneous administration (5–10 μg/kg/day) reduces neutropenia duration by 50% in chemotherapy-treated monkeys, with ANC recovery to 10,000/mm³ by day 13 ( ).
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Treg Cell Expansion: Combined GM-CSF/G-CSF treatment elevates CD4+CD25hiFoxp3hi Treg cells in leukapheresis products by ~3.7×10⁶/kg, enhancing immunoregulatory potential ( ).
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Bone Marrow Stimulation: Modified G-CSF variants (e.g., G-CSFa with C17A substitution) show 2×10⁷ IU/mg specific activity and superior granulopoiesis induction in myelosuppressed monkeys ( ).
Table 1: Comparative In Vivo Performance in Primates
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Half-Life Extension: G-CSFa’s structural modifications (C17A mutation + N-terminal additions) reduce oligomerization risks and prolong activity ( ).
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Therapeutic Efficacy: In irradiated mice and cyclophosphamide-treated monkeys, G-CSFa increased leukocyte counts by 40–60% compared to wild-type G-CSF ( ).
Applications in Preclinical Research
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Stem Cell Mobilization: Combined with plerixafor, G-CSF yields 9.3×10⁷ CD34+ cells/kg in leukapheresis products, outperforming single-agent protocols ( ).
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Radiation/Myelosuppression Recovery: Post-cesium-137 irradiation, G-CSFa restores neutrophil counts 2 days faster than wild-type G-CSF ( ).
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Autoimmunity/GVHD Studies: GM-CSF/G-CSF coadministration expands Tregs with intact suppressive function, enabling shorter ex vivo expansion times ( ).
Challenges and Innovations
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Immunogenicity: N-terminal truncations (e.g., M-7) in human G-CSF induce neutralizing antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys, whereas full-length analogs like KW-2228 maintain efficacy ( ).
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Long-Acting Formulations: Strategies like PEGylation, Fc fusion, and albumin conjugation aim to reduce dosing frequency while retaining potency ( ).
Future Directions
Current research focuses on small-molecule G-CSFR agonists (e.g., LG7455) that mimic cytokine signaling without peptide instability. These compounds show promise in elevating neutrophil counts in cynomolgus monkeys while minimizing antigenicity ( ).
Product Specs
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) is a cytokine that regulates the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. It is found in the extracellular matrix and acts as a signaling molecule. There are three known transcript variants of the GCSF gene, which encode three distinct isoforms of the protein. GCSF belongs to the family of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), which play a crucial role in hematopoiesis by regulating the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages, two related white blood cell populations. Specifically, GCSF stimulates the production of granulocytes.
Recombinant Rhesus Macaque Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor, produced in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 174 amino acids. With a molecular mass of approximately 18.9 kDa, it is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4.
Reconstitute the lyophilized Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Rhesus Macaque in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H₂O to a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted in other aqueous solutions.
Lyophilized GCSF, while stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. After reconstitution, store Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Rhesus Macaque at 4°C for 2-7 days. For long-term storage, keep it below -18°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity exceeds 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis.
(b) Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
The half-maximal effective concentration (ED50), determined by a cell proliferation assay using murine NFS-60 cells, is less than 0.05 ng/ml. This corresponds to a specific activity greater than 2.0 × 10⁷ international units per milligram (IU/mg).
CSF3, MGI-1G, GM-CSF beta, Pluripoietin, G-CSF, GCSF.
Escherichia Coli.
TPLGPASSLP QSFLLKCLEQ VRKIQGDGAA LQEKLCATYK LCHPEELVLL RHSLGIPWAP LSSCPSQALQ LTGCLSQLHS SLFLYQGLLQ ALEGISPELS PTLDTLQLDI ADFATTIWQQ MEDLGMAPAL QPTQGAMPAF TSAFQRRAGG VLVASHLQRF LELAYRVLRH LAQS.
Product Science Overview
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages. The recombinant form of G-CSF derived from Rhesus Macaque (rRhG-CSF) is a significant tool in biomedical research due to its close genetic similarity to humans.
Recombinant Rhesus Macaque G-CSF (rRhG-CSF) is produced using Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems. It is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 174 amino acids, with a molecular weight of approximately 18.9 kDa . The protein is highly purified, with a purity greater than 98% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses .
The biological activity of rRhG-CSF is measured by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of murine NFS-60 cells. The ED50 (effective dose for 50% of the population) is less than 0.05 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of greater than 2.0 × 10^7 IU/mg . This high level of activity makes it a potent agent for stimulating granulocyte production.
The recombinant protein is typically lyophilized (freeze-dried) and reconstituted in sterile distilled water or an aqueous buffer containing 0.1% BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL . It is recommended to store the reconstituted protein at -20°C to -70°C to maintain its stability and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles .
rRhG-CSF is widely used in research to study hematopoiesis, immune responses, and the effects of cytokines on various cell types. It is particularly valuable in preclinical studies involving non-human primates, as the Rhesus Macaque model closely mimics human physiology and immune responses.
